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Unit 1E-G Flashcards

1
Q

what is biodiversity?

A

the amount of different species living in an area

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2
Q

what are 2 major components of biodiversity?

A

richness- the amount of different species found
evenness- population distribution of each species found

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3
Q

why is less diversity bad?

A

little genetic diversity leading to inbreeding.

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4
Q

what is ecological tolerance?

A

range of conditions an organism can endure before injury/death

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5
Q

what is optimal range?

A

best place to survive, grow, and reproduce

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6
Q

what are zones of physiological stress?

A

signs of declining death begin (infertility, lack of growth, decreased captivity)

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7
Q

what are zone of intolerance?

A

organism will die from thermal shock, suffocation, lack of food, H2O or O2

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8
Q

what is island biography?

A

study of relationships and distribution of species and islands.

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9
Q

what kind of islands support more total species and diversity?

A

larger islands

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10
Q

what island supports more species and diversity?

A

closer island (mainland)

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11
Q

why do closer islands support species and diversity?

A

short distance or travel makes easier to colonize

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12
Q

why do islands tend to have species with “specialist’s” niche?

A

due to small size and limited resources

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13
Q

what happens in step one of natural selection?

A

original produces excess offspring and varies in GENETIC TRAITS due to random mutulations and sexual reproduction

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14
Q

what is step 2 of natural selection?

A

selective pressure ensure not all can survive. those with beneficial traits ADAPTION will survive

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15
Q

what is step 3 to natural selection?

A

more fit organisms survive and reproduce resulting in changed population over time

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16
Q

what is speciation?

A

gradual change leading to long term formation of new species

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17
Q

what is support?

A

pollination
plants filter air and water

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18
Q

what is cultural?

A

aesthetic
spiritual and educational

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19
Q

what is regulating?

A

photosynthesis and disease protection
reduce erosion and storm damage

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20
Q

what is provisional?

A

goods and resources
foods and crops
medicines

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21
Q

what is intrinsic value?

A

ethnical argument
right to exist
human stewards to earth

22
Q

what does ICUN mean?

A

international union for conservation of nature

23
Q

what is the S in SLOSS mean?

A

small- large reserve

24
Q

what is proximity ?

A

one large, close together, shared habitat

25
Q

what are corridors?

A

land connecting two areas together

26
Q

what is a shape?

A

round

27
Q

where does edge effect occur?

A

eco tone

28
Q

when do area of conservation increase?

A

latitude is closer to equator, ecosystem is older, habitat is larger, other communities are closer

29
Q

what is Simpsons diversity index?

A

=1-£ (n/N)^2

30
Q

what is in area based (in-stu)

A

conservation area, parks, habitat restoration

31
Q

what is in species based (ex-situ)

A

zoos/aquariums, botanical gardens, seed banks

32
Q

what’s causes disruption of ecosystem to happen naturally?

A

tornado, hurricane, asteroids, fires, drought

33
Q

what is periodic time frame?

A

regular frequency

34
Q

what is an example of periodic frequency?

A

dry wet seasons

35
Q

what is episodic frequency?

A

occasional and irregular frequency

36
Q

what is an example of episodic frequency?

A

hurricane, drought and fire

37
Q

what is random frequency?

A

no regular frequency

38
Q

what is an example of random frequency?

A

volcanoes, earthquakes, and asteroids

39
Q

what is ecological succession?

A

change in the composition of species in an ecosystem over time

40
Q

what are pioneer organisms?

A

first species that begin to populate an area

41
Q

what are pioneer organisms characterized by?

A

tolerance intense sunlight, survive low nutrients, make many small seeds, matures quickly, small in size
ex: algae, lichens, and mosses

42
Q

what is primary succession?

A

begins with exposed rock

43
Q

what does primary succession come from?

A

volcanic eruptions and retreating glaciers

44
Q

what is secondary succession?

A

begins with soil from previous ecosystem that has been disturbed, removed, or destroyed

45
Q

what is an example of secondary succession?

A

abandoned land, fires, storms, disasters, deforestation, disease, and pests

46
Q

how long does primary succession take?

A

thousands of years

47
Q

how long does secondary succession take?

A

hundreds of years

48
Q

how long does aquatic succession take?

A

tens and hundreds of years

49
Q

what are the early stages of pioneer community?

A

gross productivity= low few producers
net productivity= high
No consumers doing respiration
- no taxes to take away

50
Q

what are later stages- climax community?

A

nutrients in soil decrease
gross productivity is high
- many producers
net productivity= low
- many consumers all doing respiration= a very large amount of taxes

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