unit 1c Flashcards
involves assessment of the
individual as a whole.
Health assessment
The individual is part of a cultural context, a family context, a spiritual context and a community context, all of which affect the client’s health status.
context and health
The totality of socially transmissible behavioral patterns, arts, beliefs, values, customs, lifeways, and all other products of human work and thought characteristic of a population or people that guide their worldview and decision making (Purnell & Paulanka, 2003).
culture
composed of people who have a distinct
identity and yet are related to a larger cultural group.
subculture
the classification of people according to shared biologic characteristics, genetic markers or features.
race
the process where people adapt to or borrow traits from another culture.
acculturation
the tendency to impose your beliefs, values, and patterns of behavior on individuals from another culture
Cultural imposition
a disorder that occurs in response to transition from one cultural setting to another
culture shock
assuming all members of a culture or ethnic group are alike.
stereotyping
the tendency to view your own way of culture as the most desirable, acceptable, or best, and to act in a superior manner toward other cultures.
ethnocentrism
Characteristics of culture
learned, shared, adapted, universal
transmitted from generation to generation; learned through life experiences within one’s culture group.
learned
by all members of the group.
shared
as environmental circumstances change, the group changes to improve its ability to survive.
adapted
all humans have culture
universal
are culturally-defined conditions which may have no equivalent from a biomedical/scientific perspective.
examples: panuhot among the Cebuanos, empacho among the Hispanic Americans
CULTURE BOUND SYNDROMES
eye contact may be considered disrespectful.
chinese
hesitant to ask questions; nodding may not mean
agreement.
chinese
the word “no” may be interpreted as disrespect for
others.
chinese
touching unacceptable with members of opposite
sex.
chinese
respect elders & authority figures.
chinese
female clients usually prefer a female care provider.
chinese
family involvement in care is preferred.
chinese
family involvement in care is preferred.
chinese
health beliefs: illness is an imbalance between yin
and yang.
chinese
cold food
yin
hot food
yang
tend to be verbally expressive, yet values
confidentiality (sensitive to open discussions
regarding sex).
HISPANIC AMERICAN
believes illness to be caused either by the
supernatural, as a punishment from God or as an
imbalance between the caliente & frio forces
HISPANIC AMERICAN
when ill, first seeks advice from
older women in family, then goes to either an
“jerbero
HISPANIC AMERICAN
specializes in the use of herbs
jerbero
holistic healer
curandero/curandera
evil eye
mal ojo
ball of food
empacho
soul loss
susto
depressed frontanelle
caida dela mollera
menstruation is believed to rid the body of dirty and excess blood.
african american
have rich tradition of herbal remedies.
african american
(sudden collapse, fainting or blacking
out; normal reaction)
falling out
similar cultural characteristics with the Chinese.
korean
touching someone’s head is considered
disrespectful.
korean
a mental illness common in married, middle-aged women;
triggered by life crises
hwa byung
men & women do not shake hands, touch each other or go together in public, unless they are married or belong to same immediate family.
middle eastern
physically robust person considered healthy.
MIDDLE EASTERN
culture is male-dominated.
MIDDLE EASTERN
HC provider should only be of the same sex.
MIDDLE EASTERN
culture is highly influenced by Islamic religion
MIDDLE EASTERN
apathy & withdrawal believed to be caused by spirit possession
zar
need to engage in “small talk” before discussing
more serious matters
filipino
respect the elderly & people older than you.
filipino
sex & socioeconomic status too personal to discuss.
filipino
expressing pain or crying is a sign of weakness (esp.
among males)
filipino
believes that illness may be caused
by evil spirits; may see folk/faith healers
filipino
culture bound syndromes: ‘panuhot‘, ‘nabuyagan’,
‘pasmo’, ‘kabuhi’, ‘barang’.
filipino
Refers to an ability to interact effectively with people of different cultures.
cultural competence
a search for meaning & purpose in life, w/c seeks to
understand life’s questions in relation to the sacred.
spirituality
will help the nurse address client’s spiritual needs to maintain well-being
spiritual assessment
informal, non-organized, self-reflection & experienced.
spirituality
formal, organized, ritualistic & group-oriented.
religion
has different views on health & illness.
religion
refers to rituals, practices & experiences involving a search for the sacred (God, Allah) that are shared within a group.
religion
prayer & meditation are used for cleansing & healing.
Buddhism
death is associated with rebirth into another form
(reincarnation).
buddhism
many are strict vegetarians.
buddhism
illness is a result of past & current life actions
(karma).
hinduism
the RIGHT hand is seen as holy; thus, eating &
interventions needs to be with the RIGHT hand to
promote clean healing
hinduism
many but not all are vegetarians; NO BEEF.
hinduism
Jesus Christ is the savior & miracles can happen
through prayers.
Christianity
extreme unction for the dying.
Christianity
emergency baptism for dying/dead newborns
Christianity
PROHIBITS consumption, storage & transfusion of
blood
JEHOVAH’S WITNESSES
prayer occurs 5 times per day: at dawn/sunrise,
noon, afternoon, sunset, & evening.
islam
prayers are done facing the EAST on a rug; it is
preceded by washing hands & feet.
islam
ladies are not to view men other than their husbands,
naked
islam
all outcomes in life are seen as predetermined by
Allah.
islam
it is important for dying clients to face EAST &
die facing EAST.
islam
consumption of pork & alcohol is prohibited.
islam
month of fasting; refraining from eating, drinking, having sex & indulging in anything in excess or ill-natured from dawn until sunset
Ramadan
restrictions related to work on holy days are removed
to save a life.
Judaism
Psalms & last prayer of confession
vidui
Psalms & last prayer of confession (vidui) are held at
bedside
judaism
at death, arms are NOT crossed & any clothing or
bandages should be buried with the person.
judaism
DIET: NO mixing of meat & dairy; Kosher laws
include special slaughter & food handling;
unleavened bread only during Passover week
judaism
religious person in judaism
Rabbi
PROHIBITS alcohol, coffee, tea and tobacco/smoking.
CHURCH OF JESUS CHRIST OF LATTER-DAY SAINTS (Mormon) and SEVENTH DAY ADVENTIST
strictly observed from Friday evening (6PM) to Saturday evening (6PM).
Sabbath
strictly observed from Friday evening (6PM) to Saturday evening (6PM).
CHURCH OF JESUS CHRIST OF LATTER-DAY SAINTS (Mormon) and SEVENTH DAY ADVENTIST
consists of individuals YOU consider to be your
significant others.
family
geopolitical communities determined by natural
boundaries.
community
organized based on the relationship between people.
community
nursing which recognizes the biopsychosocial & spiritual dimensions of persons; recognizing that individuals are unitary wholes whose lives are intertwined with family, culture & environment.
holistic nursing
