unit 1B Flashcards
diatomic molecular elements
two non-metal atoms, bond to themselves (HOFBrINCl)
ozone
O3
hydrogen peroxide
H2O2
ammonia
NH3
methane
CH4
sucrose
C12H22O11
molecular nomenclature
use prefixes corresponding to subscripts, change ending of second non-metal to “ide”, don’t use prefix mono for first non-metal
ionic nomenclature
metal written first then non-metal, change ending of non metal to “ide”, if metal is multivalent use roman numerals, to determine formula cross over changes
Latin Naming
transition metal with lower valence ends in “ous” higher ends in “ic”
peroxides
compounds with one more oxygen than the oxide would have
-don’t reduce formula
-add peroxide at end
hydrates
-contain water in its formula
-becomes anhydrous when water dissolves
-name ionic compound as normal
-ending is prefix-hydrate
Acids
-compounds that produce hydrogen when mixed with water
-tastes sour, turns blue litmus red, neutralizes bases
naming acids
acids without oxygen: start with “hydro” when with “ic acid”
acids with oxygen: don’t use prefix hydro, if polyatomic ends in “ate” change to “ic”, if polyatomic ends in “ite” change to “ous”
oxyanions of chlorine
perchlorate (ClO4), chlorate (ClO3), chlorite (ClO2), hypochlorite (ClO)
Bases
-produce hydroxide when mixed with wate-tastes bitter, turns red litmus blue, neutralizes acids
naming bases
add hydroxide to the end
what does iupac stand for
international union of pure and applied chemistry
