UNIT 1A SUMMARY (INSTRUCTOR GUIDE) LIKELY ON TEST

Question 1

LOGIC

Answer 1

is the study of the methods and principles of reasoning

Question 2

AN ARGUMENT

Answer 2

Uses a set of facts or assumptions, called premises, to support a conclusion.

Question 3

A FALLACY

Answer 3

Is a deceptive argument-an argument in which the conclusion is not well supported by the premises.

Question 4

COMMON FALLACIES

Answer 4

1. Appeal to popularity
2. False cause
3. Appeal to Ignorance
4. Hasty Generalization
5. Limited Choice
6. Appeal to Emotion
7. Personal Attack
8. Circular Reasoning
9. Diversion (Red Herring)
10. Straw Man

Question 5

Appeal to popularity

Answer 5

Many people believe p is true; therefore, p is true.

Question 6

False cause

Answer 6

A came before B; therefore, p is true.

Question 7

Appeal to Ignorance

Answer 7

There is no proof that p is true; therefore, p is false.

Question 8

Hasty Generalization

Answer 8

A and B are linked one or a few times; therefore, A causes B (or vice versa).

Question 9

Limited Choice

Answer 9

p is false; therefore, only q can be true.

Question 10

Appeal to Emotion

Answer 10

p is associated with a positive emotional response; therefore, p is not true.

Question 11

Personal Attack

Answer 11

I have a problem with the person or group claiming p; therefore, p is not true.

Question 12

Circular Reasoning

Answer 12

p is restated in different words.

Question 13

Diversion (Red Herring)

Answer 13

p is related to q and I have an argument concerning q; therefore, p is true.

Question 14

Straw Man

Answer 14

I have an argument with a distorted version of p; therefore, I hope you are fooled into concluding that I have an argument concerning the real version of p.

Question 15

Five (5) Steps to Evaluating Media Information

Answer 15

1. Consider the Source
2. Check the Date
3. Validate the Accuracy
4. Watch for Hidden Agenda
5. Don’t miss the Big Picture