Unit 1.7: Particles and Nuclear Structure

Question 1

Matter is composed of atoms, but within atoms there are sub atomic particles. What are these sub atomic particles called?

Answer 1

Leptons and Quarks

Question 2

, ;What are quarks?

Answer 2

Relatively high mass particles, are either ‘up’ or ‘down’. These particles are affected by the strong force

Question 3

What are leptons?

Answer 3

Leptons are lightweight particles and have two types. These are affected by the weak force

Question 4

What are the two types of leptons?

Answer 4

Electron and electron neutrino

Question 5

For each particle, there exists an ‘antiparticle’. What is meant by the term antiparticle?

Answer 5

Antiparticles have the same mass but opposite charge to their counterpart.

Question 6

Do quarks exist in groups or in isolation?

Answer 6

In groups

Question 7

When quarks are in a group of 3, what is the group called?

Answer 7

Baryons

Question 8

How many possible ways to combine up and down quarks can form a baryon?

Answer 8

4

Question 9

State the possible combinations to form a baryon?

Answer 9

uud, udd, uuu, ddd

Question 10

What is the baryon uud known as?

Answer 10

Proton,p

Question 11

What is the charge of a proton?

Answer 11

+1

Question 12

What is the baryon udd known as?

Answer 12

neutron,n

Question 13

What is the charge of a neutron?

Answer 13

0

Question 14

What is the baryon uuu known as?

Answer 14

delta plus plus,Δ++

Question 15

What is the charge of a delta plus plus?

Answer 15

+2

Question 16

What is the baryon ddd known as?

Answer 16

delta minus,Δ-

Question 17

What is the charge of a delta minus?

Answer 17

-1

Question 18

There is an excited version of the uud and udd baryons, what are they also classed as?

Answer 18

Delta particles

Question 19

What is the delta particle of an excited proton?

Answer 19

Δ+

Question 20

What is the delta particle of an excited neutron?

Answer 20

Δ0

Question 21

How are antiparticles represented?

Answer 21

A small bar above the symbol

Question 22

Quarks can also form in pairs, what are these pairs called?

Answer 22

Mesons

Question 23

How many types of mesons are there?

Answer 23

4

Question 24

Mesons must either be a quark or an ___?

Answer 24

Anti-quark

Question 25

For 1st generation particles, what are these mesons known as?

Answer 25

Pions or pi messons

Question 26

List the 4 combinations of a meson

Answer 26

udˉ,uˉd, uuˉ,ddˉ

Question 27

What is the name given to the meson uˉd and state its charge

Answer 27

Name:pi minus, Symbol: π − Charge: -1

Question 27

What is the name given to the meson udˉ and state its charge ?

Answer 27

Name: pi plus Symbol: π + Charge: =1

Question 28

What is the name given to the mesons, uuˉ and ddˉ and state their charge

Answer 28

Name: Pi zero Symbol: π 0 Charge: 0

Question 29

State the conservation of momentum in terms of particles.

Answer 29

In any interaction between particles in a system, the total momentum must stay constant

Question 30

State the conservation of energy in terms of particles

Answer 30

In any interaction between particles in a system, mass/energy must neither be created or destroyed

Question 31

State the conservation of charge

Answer 31

In any interaction between particles in a system, the total charge in the system must not change.

Question 32

State the conservation of baryon number.

Answer 32

In any interaction between particles in a system, the total baryon number in the system must not change.

Question 33

State the conservation of lepton number

Answer 33

In any interaction between particles in a system, the total lepton number in the system must not change

Question 34

There are 4 fundamental forces involved in interactions between particles. State them

Answer 34

Gravitational, strong force, weak force and the electromagnetic force

Question 35

Gravitational forces are experienced by___

Answer 35

All matter

Question 36

Weak forces are experienced by____

Answer 36

All leptons and all quarks

Question 37

What is the range for gravitational forces?

Answer 37

Infinite

Question 38

What is the range for weak forces?

Answer 38

very short

Question 39

What is the range for electromagnetic forces?

Answer 39

infinite

Question 40

What is the range for strong forces?

Answer 40

short

Question 41

EM forces are experienced by ___

Answer 41

All charged particles

Question 42

All strong forces are experienced by__

Answer 42

All quarks.