Unit 14 Examples

Question 1

Dispositional Attribution

Answer 1

explanation for an event or behavior based on personality or internal factors
ex. “that person is sleeping in class, they must never participate”

Question 2

Situational Attribution

Answer 2

explanation for an event or behavior based on the situation or external factors
ex. “that person is sleeping in class, they must have gotten home late last night”

Question 3

Fundamental Attribution Error

Answer 3

tendency for observers, when analyzing others’ behavior, to underestimate the impact of the situation, while overestimating the impact of personal disposition’
ex. “that girl’s hair looks messy, she must not take care of herself”

Question 4

Actor-Observer Bias

Answer 4

tendency to make dispositional attributions for others’ behavior and situational attributions for one’s own behavior (especially one’s own errors or failures)
ex. “I got a C on this quiz because I didn’t get enough sleep, he got a C because he doesn’t pay attention”

Question 5

Self-Serving Bias

Answer 5

the readiness to percieve yourself favorably
ex. “it’s okay I didn’t place well at the meet, Madison West was there”

Question 6

Compliance

Answer 6

getting people to agree to a request
ex. “Can I sleepover at Payton’s house? No. Can I go over for a little while? I guess so.”

Question 7

Social Role

Answer 7

a set of norms about a social position, defining how those in the position should behave
ex. a teacher’s job is to teach the students, so they should use different teaching methods to get the best learning outcome and try to engage the students

Question 8

Cognitive Dissonance (Leon Festinger)

Answer 8

When two thoughts conflict, especially when external behavior conflicts with an internal attitude, one feels discomfort and acts to reduce that discomfort - more likely to change attitude than behavior
ex. I don’t like running up hills, but I programmed myself to run faster up them and chant “I love hills” in my head instead of avoiding them entirely

Question 9

Conformity

Answer 9

adjusting your behavior or attitude to coincide with a group standard
ex. I don’t like to raise my hand in Physics when no one else does, even if I know the answer

Question 10

Obedience

Answer 10

changing behavior in response to an authority figure
ex. I clean my room when my mom tells me to bc she’s my mom

Question 11

Social Facilitation

Answer 11

improved performance on a simple or familiar task in the presence of others
ex. I run faster when I go on group runs than by myself

Question 12

Social Impairment

Answer 12

decreased performance in the presence of others
ex. I have terrible pushup form when the team is in the weight room, but decent form by myself

Question 13

social loafing

Answer 13

tendency for people in a group to put in less effort when their efforts are pooled toward a common goal than when individually accountable
ex. I don’t work as efficiently when gardening with my mom bc I know she’ll conpensate for my lack of productivity

Question 14

Social Striving

Answer 14

increased effort on a group task
ex. I tried to improve and clarify the poster my group made in English because I wanted us to look good in front of the class and didn’t trust the others to make it great

Question 15

Deindividuation

Answer 15

loss of self-awareness and self-restraint in group situations that foster arousal and anonymity
ex. I rant about my father at lunch when my friends do but I would not say it to his face. It’s not as bad because others are doing it too.

Question 16

Group Polarization

Answer 16

a like-minded group strengthens its prevailing inclinations through discussion with the group
ex. I was talking some people about red grapes. I already thought they were better but after the conversation we were ready to individually stab green grape enjoyers

Question 17

Groupthink

Answer 17

a mode of thinking when the desire for harmony in a decision-making group leads the members to come to an agreement that none of them actually like
ex. I was talking with my friends at lunch about whose house to go to before homecoming. Somebody said Ava’s and we all agreed but when I talked about it individually with my friends most of them said they wanted to go to someone else’s place

Question 18

Frustration-Aggression principle

Answer 18

the principle that furstration - the blocking of an attempt to achieve a goal - creates anger, which can generate aggression
ex. My psych textbook wasn’t working for such a long time that I slammed my computer shut and gave up

Question 19

Mere Exposure Effect

Answer 19

the phenomenon that repeated exposure to novel stimuli increases liking of them
ex. I grew to like watching football because my dad made me watch the Packers with him a lot

Question 20

Bystander Effect

Answer 20

tendency for any given bystander to be less likely to give aid if other bystanders are present
ex. A girl dropped her books in the hallway and people just walked by and expected others to help

Question 21

Reciprocity Norm

Answer 21

an expectation that people will help, not hurt, those who have helped them
ex. I expect my dog not to bite me after I stratch the itch he coudn’t get to

Question 22

Social-Responsibility Norm

Answer 22

an expectation that prople will help those needing their help
ex. When my friends and I were getting ready for homecoming Ellen was struggling to reach the zipper on her dress so I did it for her

Question 23

Social Trap/Dilemma

Answer 23

a situation in which the conflicting parties, by each pursuing their self interest rather than the good of the group, get caught in mutually distructive behavior
ex. I am trapped on a desert island and there is a limited amount of coconuts. Ava is there and but decide to eat all the coconuts and get sick from eating to many but she starves to death :)

Question 24

Self-Fulfilling Prophecy

Answer 24

a belief that leads to its own fulfillment
ex. You believe you will fail your math test, this leads to more stress and you end up failing your math test.