Unit 14

Question 1

litigation

Answer 1

the process of making or defending a claim in court

Question 2

judge

Answer 2

public official appointed to decide cases in court

Question 3

to sue

Answer 3

to take legal action against someone or an organisation

Question 4

infringement

Answer 4

the breaking of law or rule

Question 5

lawsuit

Answer 5

a complaint or claim made against sb. through the courts

Question 6

verdict

Answer 6

a decision or ruling made in a dispute

Question 7

injunction

Answer 7

an official court order demanding that something must or must not be done

Question 8

unsubstantiated

Answer 8

not supported by evidence

Question 9

collective bargaining

Answer 9

the system in which employees talk as a group with their employers to try to agree on matters such as pay and working conditions

Question 10

common law

Answer 10

the legal system in England and most of the US that has developed over a period of time from old customs and court decisions, rather than laws made by politicians

Question 11

competition law

Answer 11

the laws that are intended to make sure that there is fair competition between businesses, for example by making rules to control monopolies

Question 12

industrial dispute

Answer 12

a disagreement between workers and management over pay, working conditions, hours of work, etc., especially one that includes strikes

Question 13

non-compliance

Answer 13

the fact of not obeying a rule or law

Question 14

perennial

Answer 14

lasting a very long time, or happening repeatedly or all the time

Question 15

query

Answer 15

a question, often expressing doubt about something or looking for an answer from an authority

Question 16

red tape

Answer 16

official rules and processes that seem unnecessary and delay results

Question 17

redundancy payment

Answer 17

money that a company pays to workers who have lost their jobs because they are no longer needed

Question 18

statutory

Answer 18

decided or controlled by law

Question 19

vital

Answer 19

necessary for the success or continued existence of something; extremely important

Question 20

billing

Answer 20

the process of sending people bills asking them to pay money owed

Question 21

a directive

Answer 21

an official instruction

Question 22

extension

Answer 22

any of two or more phones in the same house that share the same number, or any of a number of phones connected to a switchboard in a large building such as an office

Question 23

union representative

Answer 23

someone in a particular company or organization who has been elected to represent employees who belong to a particular trade union

Question 24

earnest

Answer 24

serious and determined, especially too serious and unable to find your own actions funny

Question 25

jurisdiction

Answer 25

the authority of a court or official organization to make decisions and judgments

Question 26

plaintiff

Answer 26

someone who makes a legal complaint against someone else in court

Question 27

supremacy

Answer 27

the leading or controlling position

Question 28

to suspect

Answer 28

to think or believe something to be true or probable