Unit 1.4 Flashcards
Proteins are held in three dimensional shape by
. Peptide bonds
. Hydrogen bonds
. Interactions between individual amino acids
Polypeptide chains fold to form
The three dimensional shape of the protein
Mutations result in
No protein being expressed or a faulty protein being expressed
Single nucleotide mutations involve the
Alteration of a nucleotide sequence
Single gene mutations are a result of
.Substitution
.Insertion
.Deletion
of nucleotides
Three types of substitution mutations are
. Nonsense
. Missense
. Splice site mutations
What causes frameshift mutations
Nucleotide insertions or nucleotide deletions
Apart from frameshift mutations what else can nucleotide insertions or deletions cause
Expansion of a nucleotide sequence repeat
What are the three types of chromosomal mutations
. Deletion
. Duplication
. Translocation
What is the effect of chromosomal mutations
They are often lethal
What is the result of proteins having a wide variety of shapes and structures
Proteins have a wide variety of functions
What bonds link amino acids to make polypeptides
Peptide bonds
What causes genetic disorders
Changes to genes or chromosomes
What is the result of changes to genes or chromosomes
The result is proteins not being expressed or the proteins being expressed not functioning properly
What is the effect of a missense mutation on the protein synthesised
One amino acid codon is replaced with another
