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Nursing 163 Exam 1 > Unit 1.4 > Flashcards

Unit 1.4 Flashcards

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1
Q

Three main types of cardiomyopathy

A
  • Dilated
  • hypertrophic
  • restrictive
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2
Q

Common cardiomyopathy symptoms

A
  • activity intolerance
  • SOB (dyspnea)
  • A fib
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3
Q

What is dilated cardiomyopathy?

How do you get it?

A
  • Big baggy heart, dilated heart chambers

- idiopathic or genetic.

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4
Q

Dilated affects heart how??

A
  • too much preload
  • decreased ejection fraction (left ventricle)
  • failure in systole (contraction) causes decreased EF
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5
Q

Manifestations of dilated cardiomyopathy

A
  • dyspnea
  • activity intolerance
  • orthopnea
  • peripheral edema
  • ascites
  • S3 & S4 gallop
  • fatigue
  • A fib
  • regurgitation murmur
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6
Q

Mural thrombi may happen in which kind of cardiomyopathy?

A

Dilated

is formed in Left ventricle and if breaks free may cause embolism.

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7
Q

Treatment of Dilated cardiomyopathy

A
  • ACE inhibitors
  • diuretics
  • Vasodilators
  • Beta blockers
  • Surgery-cardiac transplant, ventricular assist devices
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8
Q

Alcohol abuse or cocaine use may cause what kind of cardiomyopathy.

A

Reversible dilated cardiomyopathy

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9
Q

What is hypertrophic cardiomyopathy?

How do you get it?

A

Thick walls, hypertrophic ventricles, small ventricular volume.
-hereditary may be secondary to HTN

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10
Q

Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy affects the heart how?

A
  • left atrial dilation
  • septal enlargement and hypertrophy
  • low cardiac output
  • failure in diastole
  • too little preload
  • increased ejection fraction
  • S4 sounds
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11
Q

Manifestations of hypertrophic

A
  • may be asymptomatic for years
  • syncope
  • dyspnea
  • angina
  • increased BP
  • A fib
  • ventricular dysrhythmias
  • change in mentation
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12
Q

Treatment of hypertrophic

A
  • Antidysrhythmics
  • Calcium Channel Blockers
  • Beta blockers
  • Surgery to remove excess muscle in heart (myomectomy)
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13
Q
  • rigid ventricular walls that impair diastolic filling
  • decreased cardiac output
  • not good preload
  • Normal ejection fraction
A

Restrictive cardiomyopathy

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14
Q

How do you get restrictive cardiomyopathy

A
  • infiltration
  • Amyloidosis
  • Sarcoidosis
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15
Q

Manifestations of restrictive cardiomyopathy

A
  • dyspnea
  • exercise intolerance
  • JV pressure increased
  • S3 & S4 common
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16
Q

Treatment of restrictive cardiomyopathy

A

Treat underlying causes

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17
Q

Cardiomyopathy Dx tests

A
  • Echocardiogram
  • Chest x-ray
  • Electrocardiogram
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18
Q

implanted in chest

  • used to correct arrhythmias
  • uses electrical impulses or shocks
  • Teach client about how it will feel
A

Cardioverter defibrillator OR Pacemaker

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19
Q
  • mechanical pump that’s used to support heart function and blood flow
  • bridge to transplant originally
  • now used for destination therapy
A

LVAD

Left ventricular assist device

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20
Q

What is digitalis used for

A

increase heart contractility

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21
Q

Which diuretic is potassium sparing

A

Spironolactone

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22
Q

Which diuretic(s) is potassium wasting

A

Lasix, Thiazide (loop diuretics)

23
Q

Necessary for heart transplant to succeed

A
  • same body size
  • ABO compatible
  • 6 hours from harvest
24
Q

Complications of heart transplant

A
  • rejection

- infection

25
Q

Teaching for heart transplant patients

A
  • lifestyle changes r/t immunosuppressant drugs
  • healthy lifestyle to avoid future atherosclerosis (typical at 10 yrs)
  • may not feel heart problems
26
Q

Why might a heart transplant patient not feel heart problems

A

The donor heart is denervated and not connected to recipient ANS system.

  • cannot feel angina
  • compensatory mechanisms are gone
27
Q

Nursing Dx for cardiomyopathies

A
  • Fatigue
  • Fear/anxiety (client & family)
  • Risk for injury (meds, orthostatic)
  • activity intolerance
  • deficient knowledge (sodium diet)
  • Excess fluid volume (edema, measure girth)
  • Decreased cardiac output
28
Q

Invasive procedure that passes a radiopaque catheter through a large vein or artery in an arm or let to heart.

A

cardiac catheterization

29
Q

most common form of imaging, radiographs use irradiation to obtain images and capture them on film for diagnostic purposes

A

Chest x-ray

30
Q

Noninvasive ultrasound study of the heart.

A

Echocardiography

31
Q

12 standard leads, records electrical impulses of heart via electrodes and a galvanometer.

A

ECG - electrocardiography

32
Q

Test performed with a treadmill or stationary bike that will evaluate exercise tolerance. ECG leads, BP cuff & O2 monitor are attached.

A

Exercise testing

33
Q

ECG leads are attached and portable recorder is used to enable continuous recording of the ECG on magnetic tape.

A

Holter monitor (ambulatory ECG)

34
Q

Arterial blood is collected before & at least 10 minutes after giving 100% O2.

A

Hyperoxitest

35
Q

Large dougnut-shaped cylinder. images with a magnetic field and produces images similar to a CT scan

A

MRI - magnetic resonance imaging

36
Q

which test would you:

  • ask about allergy to iodine, seafood, contrast dye
  • NPO 6-8 hrs before test
  • apply direct pressure to site 15 min. dressing 6 hr.
  • bed rest for 6 hours
A

Cardiac catheterization

37
Q

which test would you:

-have kid practice holding still and holding breath

A

Chest x-ray

38
Q

which test would you:

inform kids gel would be applied to skin, but causes no pain

A

Echocardiogram

39
Q

which test would you:
obtain list of current meds
-explain procedure is not painful
-teach methods to relieve anxiety

A

Electrocardiogram

40
Q

which test would you:

  • teach test can be stopped at any time
  • report vertigo, extreme SOB, chest pain
  • baseline vitals measurements before start
A

Exercise testing

41
Q

which test would you:

  • teach no swimming, bathing
  • keep diary of any events, emotional stress
A

Holter monitor

42
Q

which test would you:

-administer O2 through plastic hood for at least 10 minutes

A

Hyperoxitest

43
Q

which test would you:

  • prepare child for sounds, size of equipment & tunnel.
  • ensure no metallic implants
  • use sedation if necessary
A

MRI

44
Q

which test would you:

  • perform arterial puncture
  • use anesthetizing agent to reduce pain
  • pressure held 5-10 min
A

ABG

45
Q

which test would you:

  • collect 1ml blood
  • record dosage, route, time since last dose
A

Serum digoxin level

46
Q

which test would you:

-collect 5ml uncoagulated blood

A

ESR

47
Q 
Manifestations
Poor weight gain, failure to thrive
Tachycardia
Cardiomegaly
Galloping rhythm
Poor perfusion
Liver and spleen enlargement
Weight gain
A

Heart Failure

48
Q 
Limit feeding time.
Elevate the head of the bed.
Provide uninterrupted rest.
Engage in self-limiting activities.
Provide oxygen (depending upon the lesion).
A

Decreasing Workload

on the Heart

49
Q

Infants heart rate, respiratory rate & metabolic rate are increased because of high pulmonary blood flow.

A

defects increasing pulmonary blood flow

50
Q

Cyanosis, dyspnea, loud murmur. Skin is ruddy before cyanosis observed. Cyanosis does not respond to O2 therapy.

A

Defects decreasing pulmonary blood flow

51
Q

complex defects cause varying degress of cyanosis and congestive heart failure.

A

Mixed defects

52
Q

low cardiac output: dimished pulses, poor color, delayed cap refill, decreased urine output

A

Defect obstructing systemic blood flow

53
Q

a procedure that does not create normal anatomic or hemodynamic results, but allows adequate blood flow

A

Palliative procedure

54
Q

Nursing Dx

A
  • risk for infection
  • interrupted family processes
  • decreased cardiac output
  • activity intolerance
  • ineffective breathing pattern
  • acute pain
  • risk for imbalanced fluid volume

Nursing 163 Exam 1 (4 decks)

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