Unit 1.3 Microeconomics Flashcards

Opportunity Cost

1
Q

Opportunity Cost

A

Cost of the next best alternative forgone when a decision is made.

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2
Q

Trade-off

A

A sacrifice that is made in order to gain something

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3
Q

Production possibility curve

A

A way of showing the opportunity cost between two goods for a whole economy, firm or consumer.

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4
Q

Inefficient productivity

A

This is found at any point within the PPC

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5
Q

Productively efficient

A

Any point on the PPC. This is the when all resources are being used to maximum possible output.

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6
Q

Why is the PPC curved?

A

because not all inputs are equal in their productive effect. Some inputs are more aligned to producing some goods than others.

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7
Q

A point outside the PPC is unattainable unless….

A

there is a change in the quantities of the factor of production

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8
Q

The PPC will shift outwards if….

A

there is an increase in the quantity of raw materials or labour available or capital available.

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9
Q

Immigration will lead to…..

A

An outward shift in the PPC

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10
Q

A discovery of a new technology will….

A

Lead to an outward shift of the PPC

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11
Q

A high unemployment rate will ….

A

be a point withint the PPC

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12
Q

An outbreak of a deadly disease will…..

A

lead the PCC to shift inwards.

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13
Q

Specialisation

A

Focusing on one activity to be able to produce more efficiently

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14
Q

Division of labour

A

Splitting up a task into smaller activities to be able to produce more efficiently

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15
Q

Advantages of specialisation

A

More goods and services produced per unit of labour, lower average production cost.

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16
Q

Disadvantages of specialisation

A

Demotivating, absence of one worker can stop the production process, barrier to entry to the market for smaller firm.

17
Q

Barter system

A

When goods and services are changed for one another without the use of money as a medium of exchange.

18
Q

Problem with barter system

A

Need a double coincidence of wants.

19
Q

Money

A

Money allows agents to trade because both agree on a value of the currency.