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Honors Chemistry > Unit ! > Flashcards

Unit ! Flashcards

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1
Q

What is Chemistry?

A

The study of the composition and the chanes that matter undergoes.

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2
Q

The five major divisions of chemistry

A

1 organinc

2 inorganic

3 analytical

4 physical

5 biochemistry

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3
Q

Organic chemistry

A

study of all chemicals containing carbon

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4
Q

Inorganic chemistry

A

Study of chemicals that do not contain carbon

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5
Q

Analytical Chemistry

A

Study of the compostion of matter

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6
Q

Physical Chemistry

A

Study of mechanisms, rates, and transfer of energy that occurs when matter underoes change.

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7
Q

Biochemistry

A

The study of processes that take place in organisms.

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8
Q

What is matter?

A

Anything that had mass and occupies space.

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9
Q

What is mass?

A

The amount of stuff that a substance is made up of.

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10
Q

The four states of Matter

A

Solid

Liquid

Gas

Plasma

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11
Q

Solid

A

definite shape

definite volume

not easily compressed

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12
Q

Liquid

A

indefinite shape

definite volume

Not easily compressed

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13
Q

Gas

A

indefinite shape

indefinite volume

easily compressed

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14
Q

Atom

A

the smallest particle of an element that retains its identity in a chemical reaction

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15
Q

Molecules

A

When two+ atoms are chemically combind.

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16
Q

Elements

A

a substance that can not be broken down into a simpler substance by chemical or physical means

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17
Q

Compounds

A

When 2+ elements are chemically combind (can be broken down)

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18
Q

Observations

A

Information obtained by through the senses

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19
Q

Qualitative

A

Uses descriptions

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20
Q

Quantitative

A

uses numerical data

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21
Q

Physical changes

A

retains the identity of the substance

(odor, color, volume, phase, melting/boiling point, density, mass, temperature)

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22
Q

Chemical changes

A

changes the identity of the substance

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23
Q

Steps of the Scientific Method (5)

A

Identify the problem

Proposes a hypothesis

Test the Hypothesis

Formulate a therory with explains the observed behavior of matter

Theory becomes a law

24
Q

How to test your hypothesis (3)

A

experiment

collect and analyze data

search for patterns

25
Q

two types of Physical changes

A

Intensive and Extenstive

26
Q

intensive changes

A

depends on the type of matter, not the amount

27
Q

Extensive changes

A

dependent of the amount of matter, not the type

28
Q

Density

A

the ratio of a mass of an object to its volume

D = M / V

29
Q

Homogenous

A

a constant compostition

30
Q

solutions

A

a homogenous mixture; consists of solutes dissolved in a solvent

31
Q

Heterogenous

A

a different composition

32
Q

Fire Triangle

A

fuel

spark

supporter

33
Q

fuel

A

something with hydrogen and carbon

34
Q

spark

A

something to raise the temp to the kindling point

35
Q

Kinetic energy

A

the energy of motion

36
Q

3 types of kinetic energy

A

translational

rotational

vibrational

37
Q

Translational

A

movement from place to place

38
Q

Rotational

A

movement about an axis

39
Q

Vibrational

A

Bending and stretching

40
Q

bond breaking ____ energy

A

requires

41
Q

Bond making ___ energy

A

releases

42
Q

What happens at a?

A

substance is solid

temp and KE = up

Trans = 0

Rot. & Vib.= up

43
Q

What happens at b?

A

energy used to break bonds

temp and KE = constant

Trans = up

Rot. & Vib.= down

44
Q

What happens at c?

A

substance is liquid

has small clusters of particles

temp and KE = up

Trans = up

Rot. & Vib.= up

45
Q

What happens at d?

A

Boiling Point

energu added used to break bonds

temp and KE = constant

Trans = up

Rot. & Vib.= down

46
Q

What happens at e?

A

substance is a gas

individual paricles

temp and KE = up

Trans = up

Rot. & Vib.= up

47
Q

Triple Point

A

where liquids, solids, and gases all excist

48
Q

critical point

A

the point where gas cannot be liquified

49
Q

mass

A

constant measure of the amount of matter in an object

measured w/ balance

50
Q

weight

A

a measure of the force exerted by the earth (gravity) on an object which varies location form the center of the earth

measured w/ scale

51
Q

Accuracy

A

how close the value is to the achieved or accepted value

52
Q

Precision

A

duplication of results

53
Q

Two types of error

A

systematic and random

54
Q

systematic error

A

when values a consistantly higher or lower than the actual value

55
Q

Random error

A

when values are both higher and lower then the acual value

Honors Chemistry (1 decks)

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