UNIT 1.2 Program Logic Formulation Flashcards
It is a step-by-step development of a solution to a given
problem.
Program logic formulation
It consists of boxes with different shapes that contain simple
statements or sentences commonly called instructions and connect together by lines.
Flowchart
Indicates Data
Data
Indicates data stored in formats suitable for
processing
Stored Data
Indicates only sequentially accessible data such as
those on magnetic tapes & cassette tapes
Sequential Access Storage
Indicates directly accessible data, such as those on
magnetic disks & floppy disks
Direct Access Storage
Indicates data on media human beings can read
Direct Access Storage
Indicates data on media human beings can read
Documents
Indicates data on any medium that displays
information used by human beings, such as monitors
Display
Composed of two parts; condition for termination and
loop name are written in the symbol indicating the
start & the end of the loop respectively
Loop Limit
This oval, which contains either the word start or the
word stop, indicates the starting and stopping point in the flowchart. A flowchart can only have one starting point but it may have many possible stopping points.
Terminal Symbol
This parallelogram is used for INPUT and OUTPUT
instruction. INPUT means to enter data into a
computer or to use the computer to read the available
data from magnetic disk. OUTPUT means to display
the result of compilation or condition of the given
solution.
INPUT/ OUTPUT Symbol
This rectangle is used for ay data processing
operations for which requirements of the problem are
usually done here. Examples are computation of
average, and assignment of the value to the variable.
Processing Symbol
This diamond-shaped symbol contains a condition. If
the condition is true, the marked path TRUE is to be
followed. If the condition is false, the marked path
FALSE is to be followed.
Decision Symbol
Arrows are used to direct the flow of the flowchart. It
shows the flow of the solution.
Arrowheads/Flow lines
It is used as a continuation symbol of a flowchart. It
shows the flow of the solution.
Connector
It is used to initialize variables not explicitly defined in
the input but a requirement in the production of the
output.
Initialization/Preparation Symbol
What are the 14 flowchart symbols?
- Data
- Stored Data
- Sequential Access Storage
- Direct Access Storage
- Documents
- Display
- Loop Limit
- Terminal Sound
- INPUT/OUTPUT Symbol
- Processing Symbol
- Decision Symbol
- Arrowheads/ Flow lines
- Connector
- Initialization/ Preparation Symbol
What are the two types of flowcharts?
- System Flowchart (process chart)
* Program Flowchart
It indicates a flowchart for a targeted system as a whole
System Flowchart
It is used to describe processing procedures based on detailed analysis.
Program Flowchart
An orderly, understandable, and clear solution flowchart
Structured Flowchart
Three basic methods of Structured Flowchart are?
- Sequential
- Selection Structure
- Repetition Structure
Steps are performed in a strictly sequential manner; each step being executed
exactly once. This is the simplest method of control. It is easy to develop and understand.
Sequential
One of several alternative actions is selected and executed. It
involves the use of decision based on the given condition. It use decision block or the diamondshaped block. Alternative action will be represented by a processing block.
Selection Structure
One or more steps is performed repeatedly
Repetition Structure
It is a set or series of instruction for carrying a task. It is also a procedure to produce
the required output from the given input. It is similar with a paragraph that expresses a single
thought. It uses English language. It is also known as pseudo code.
Algorithm
The three basic methods of control in Algorithm
- Sequential
- Selection
- Repetition
It is a mixture of language and symbols, terms and other feature commonly used
one or more high-level languages.
Pseudo Code
