Unit 12 Flashcards
It can increase H+ ion concentration in an aqueous solution
Arrhenius acid
It can increase OH- ion concentration in an aqueous solution
Arrhenius base
It can donates a proton (H+)
Bronsted Lowry acid
It can accept a proton (H+)
Bronsted Lowry base
Acids are the hydrogen-containing compounds which give H+ ions or protons on dissociation in water and bases are the hydroxide compounds which give OH− ions on dissociation in water.
Dissociation
An acid is a proton (H⁺) donor, and a base is a proton acceptor. When a Bronsted–Lowry acid loses a proton, a conjugate base is formed. Similarly, when a Bronsted–Lowry base gains a proton, a conjugate acid is formed.
Ionization
A conjugate acid is formed when a proton is added to a base, and a conjugate base is formed when a proton is removed from an acid.
Conjugate acids/bases
An acid that contains two hydrogen atoms
Diprotic acid
An acid that contains more than two hydrogen atoms
Polyprotic acid
An aqueous cation
Hydronium
The acidity or alkalinity of a solution
Strength
the quantity of a solute that is contained in a particular quantity of solvent or solution
Concentration
Reactivity of a substance with both acids and bases, acting as an acid in the presence of a base and as a base in the presence of an acid
Amphoteric
a substance that can both accept and donate a proton or H+. It has characteristics of both and acid and a base and can act as either
Amphiprotic
The pOH scale is similar to the pH scale in that a pOH of 7 is indicative of a neutral solution. A basic solution has a pOH less than 7, while an acidic solution has a pOH of greater than 7. The pOH is convenient to use when finding the hydroxide ion concentration from a solution with a known pH.
pH and pOH
Nonmetal oxides that react with water to form acids
Acid anhydride
Metal oxides that react with water to form bases
Base anyhydride
Dissolve in water react with water to form basic solutions
Metal oxide
Dissolve in water react with water to form acidic solutions
Nonmetal oxide
A process in which water molecules break down a compound
Hydrolysis
A salt that contains H+ cation
Parent acid
A salt that contains OH- anion
Parent base
When an acid and a base react to form water and a salt and involves the combination of H+ ions and OH- ions to generate water. The neutralization of a strong acid and strong base has a pH equal to 7.
Neutralization
the process of determining the concentration of a dissolved substance in terms of the smallest amount of a reagent of known concentration required to bring about a given effect in reaction with a known volume of the test solution
Titration
Substances whose solutions change color due to changes in pH.
Indicator
