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UNIT 1.2 Flashcards

1
Q

It is the branch of statistic that involves methods of organizing, summarizing and presenting data

A

Descriptive Statistics

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2
Q

Determine the branch of Statistics

Parametric and Non-parametric tests

A

Inferential Statistics

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3
Q

Determine the branch of Statistics

Percentage and Measures of Central Tendency

A

Descriptive Statistics

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4
Q

It is the branch of statistic that involves methods of using information from a sample to draw conclusions about the population

A

Inferential Statistics

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5
Q

Determine the branch of Statistics

Counts, proportions, table, graphs, summary measures

A

Descriptive Statistics

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6
Q

Determine the branch of Statistics

For summarizing and presenting data in a form that will make them easier to analyze and interpret

A

Descriptive Statistics

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7
Q

Determine the branch of Statistics

For making estimates, predictions, generalizations and conclusions about a target population based on a sample

A

Inferential Statistics

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8
Q

Estimation or Hypothesis

Estimating the prevalence of leptospirosis in the Philippines

A

Estimation

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9
Q

Estimation or Hypothesis

Testing the efficacy of a new drug in reducing the cholesterol levels

A

Hypothesis Testing

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10
Q

Descriptive or Inferential

What are the highest and lowest scores obtained by students in the online test?

A

Descriptive

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11
Q

Descriptive or Inferential

Are people who receive an experimental medication less likely to have symptoms of the disease than people who receive the standard medication?

A

Inferential

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12
Q

Descriptive or Inferential

Are women who are sedentary during the 3rd trimester of pregnancy more likely to have a C-section than women who exercise regularly during the 3rd trimester?

A

Inferential

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13
Q

Descriptive or Inferential

What is the average length of stay in a hospital after being admitted for an asthma attack?

A

Descriptive

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14
Q

Two types of variables

A

Quantitative, Qualitative

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15
Q

Type of Qualitative Variables

A

Dichotomous
Trichotomous
Multinomous

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16
Q

Type of Quantitative Variables

A

Discrete
Continuous

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17
Q

Differentiate Qualitative and Quantitative

A

Qualitative - used as labels
Quantiative - for quantity or amount

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18
Q

Numerical representation of the categories are for labeling/coding and not for comparison (greater or less

A

Qualitative

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19
Q

Variables whose categories are simply used as labels to distinguish one group from another

A

Qualitative

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20
Q

Values indicate a quantity or amount and can be expressed numerically

A

Quantitative

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21
Q

Values can be arranged according to magnitude

A

Quantitative

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22
Q

Examples of Qualitative Variables

A

Religion, place of residence, disease status

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23
Q

Examples of Quantitative Variables

A

Age, Height, Weight, Blood Pressure

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24
Q

Variables that can assume only integral values or whole numbers

A

Discrete

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25
Q

Variables that can attain any value including fractions or decimals

A

Continuous

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26
Q

Discrete or Continuous

Height

A

Continuous

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27
Q

Discrete or Continuous

Number of children in the family

A

Discrete

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28
Q

Discrete or Continuous

Number of beds in the hospital

A

Discrete

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29
Q

Discrete or Continuous

Weight

A

Continuous

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30
Q

T/F Choice of numeric or graphic descriptive statistics is independent on type of distribution of data.

A

False

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31
Q

Type of means and standard deviations may be used

A

Continuous

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32
Q

Type of percentages of people for each value may be considered

A

Discrete

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33
Q

T/F Descriptive material can be numeric or graphic

A

True

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34
Q

Nature of Statistical Data

A

Expressed numerically
Treated as a mass or group of observations
Subject to variation

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35
Q

T/F Data obtained from the study can be summarized using descriptive statistics

A

True

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36
Q

The tendency of a measurable characteristic to change

A

Phenomenon of Variation

37
Q

T/F Variation can be within individual or setting at the same period of time

A

False

38
Q

T/F Variation is from one individual or setting to another

A

True

39
Q

4 levels of measurement

A

Quantitative : Ratio, Interval
Qualitative : Ordinal, Nominal

40
Q

Level of measurement where categories are used as labels only

A

Nominal

41
Q

Number or names which represent a set of mutually exclusive and exhaustive classes

A

Nominal

42
Q

Level of measurement where categories can be ordered or ranked

A

Ordinal

43
Q

Nominal or Ordinal

Age groups

A

Ordinal

44
Q

Nominal or Ordinal

Sex

A

Nominal

45
Q

Nominal or Ordinal

Psych diagnosis

A

Nominal

46
Q

Nominal or Ordinal

Likert scale

A

Ordinal

47
Q

T/F The distance between two categories in ordinal measurements can be clearly quantified.

A

False

48
Q

Level of measurement where distances between all adjacent classes are equal

A

Interval

49
Q

Level of measurement where scales are infinite

A

Interval

50
Q

Level of measurement where a meaningful zero point exists

A

Ratio

51
Q

Ratio or Interval

Temperature

A

Interval

52
Q

Ratio or Interval

Blood Pressure

A

Ratio

53
Q

Ratio or Interval

Number of DMF Teeth

A

Ratio

54
Q

Ratio or Interval

IQ

A

Interval

55
Q

Two types of Variable in a Cause and Effect Relationship

A

Dependent and Independent

56
Q

Questions asked when finding the dependent variable

A

What is observed?
What is measured?

57
Q

Questions asked when finding the independent variable

A

What is tested?
What is manipulated?

58
Q

Difference of Dependent and Independent Variables

A

Dependent - something that might be affected by change of the independent
Independent - something that is changed by the scientist

59
Q

Other names for independent variables

A

Explanatory variables
Predictor Variables
Right-hand-side Variables

60
Q

Other names for dependent variables

A

Response variables
Outcome variables
Left-hand-side variables

61
Q

What is controlled variable

A

Variable that is not changed, to allow fair test

62
Q

Examples of controlled variable

A

Duration of experiment, experimental technique, species, sample volume

63
Q

Nap Therapy : An approach to improve behavioral skills of children with Mild Autism

Identify the Independent and Dependent variable

A

Independent : Nap Therapy
Dependent : Behavioral Skills

64
Q

Footbath : Improved Quality of Sleep Among Filipino Elderly

Identify the Independent and Dependent variable

A

Independent : Footbath
Dependent : Quality of Sleep

65
Q

College students of different ages were given an online quiz. They were timed to see how long it took them to finish the quiz.

Identify the variables

A

Independent - quiz
Dependent - time
Controlled - college students

66
Q

The temperature of water was measured at different depths of pond

Identify the variables

A

Independent -
Dependent -
Controlled -

67
Q

Difference of Horizontal line and Vertical line

A

Horizontal - basis of classification
Vertical - enumerative data

68
Q

Simple to read and appeal to more people especially those who are not numerically inclined

A

Graphical Method

69
Q

used to portray numerical measurements across categories of a qualitative variable or a discrete quantitative variable

A

Bar Graph

69
Q

used to portray numerical measurements across categories of a qualitative variable or a discrete quantitative variable

A

Bar Graph

70
Q

T/F Bars should be equal width and gaps should separate them to show discontinuities

A

True

71
Q

Bar graph used for qualitative variable

A

Horizontal Bar Graph

72
Q

Bar graph used for quantitative discrete variable

A

Vertical Bar Graph

73
Q

Shows the percentage of the total number of observations falling into each categories

A

Pie Chart

74
Q

Each bar is divided into smaller rectangles representing the parts

A

Component Bar Diagram

75
Q

T/F Area of each smaller rectangle is not proportional to the relative contribution of the component to the whole

A

False

76
Q

Alternative to the pie chart

A

Component Bar Diagram

77
Q

Portrays trends over time which are trends of disease rates, mortality rates, % immunized, and annual family income

A

Line Graph

78
Q

Presents frequency distribution of continuous quantitative variable

A

Histogram, Frequency Polygon

79
Q

T/F In a histogram, class intervals are joined on the horizontal axis against its corresponding frequencies on the vertical axis.

A

True

80
Q

Difference of frequency polygon and line graph

A

Frequency polygon - starts with 0
Line graph - starts on its true value

81
Q

T/F In a frequency polygon, plots of the first and last class intervals are joined in the vertical axis

A

False, horizontal axis

82
Q

Depicts not only the frequency but also the range, mode, median, and shape of distribution

A

Stem-and-leaf Plot

83
Q

Useful for showing description of a large quantitative data including center, spread, shape, tail length and outliers

A

Box Plot

84
Q

This can be presented in either horizontal or vertical

A

Box Plot

85
Q

This can be presented in either horizontal or vertical

A

Box Plot

85
Q

This can be presented in either horizontal or vertical

A

Box Plot

86
Q

Presents relationship between two quantitative variables

A

Scatterplot

87
Q

T/F In a scatterplot, widely scattered points indicate a relationship between x and y

A

False

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