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Principles of Biomedical Science > Unit 1.2 > Flashcards

Unit 1.2 Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

What is an Autopsy?

A

Full body examination post mortem

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2
Q

Who preforms an Autopy?

A

Medical Examiner or coroner

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3
Q

Where is an Autopsy preformed

A

Coroners office

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4
Q

When is an autopsy preformed?

A

When a person’s death is suspicious, when a death is unexpected, upon family’s request, when there is a public health concern

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5
Q

Cause of Death

A

The specific injury, trauma, or disease that directly caused the victim’s death

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6
Q

Mechanism of Death

A

What happens physiologically (inside the body) to result in death

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7
Q

Manner of Death

A

The circumstances that result in death, which are designated as natural or unnatural

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8
Q

What are the 5 manners of death?

A

1) Natural, 2) Accident, 3) Suicide, 4) Homicide, 5) Undetermined

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9
Q

Cardiovascular/Circulatory System

A

Pumps blood around body, transports oxygen, carbon dioxide, nutrients, and waste

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10
Q

Integumentary System

A

Forms the body’s external covering, protects deeper tissue from injury, helps regulate body temperature

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11
Q

Endocrine System

A

Secretes hormones that regulate processes such as growth, reproduction, and metabolism by body cells

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12
Q

Skeletal System

A

Protects and supports bod organs, provides a framework the muscles use to cause movement, stores minerals

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13
Q

Digestive System

A

Breaks down food into its nutrients molecules, absorbs nutrients, rids the body of waste

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14
Q

Nervous System

A

Responds to internal and external changes by acting an appropriate response, processes information

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15
Q

Reproductive System

A

To produce, transport, and sustain sperm and egg cells, to nurture the developing offspring

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16
Q

Respiratory System

A

Assists with gas exchange with the external environment, keep blood supplied with oxygen and removes carbon dioxide

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17
Q

Immune and Lymphatic System

A

Filter fluid in the body, mounts the attack against foreign substances in the body

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18
Q

Muscular System

A

Moves the body and moves substances around the body, maintain posture, produce heat

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19
Q

Urinary System

A

Eliminates waste from the body, regulates water balance of the blood

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20
Q

Physiological Time of Death

A

The time when the decedent’s vital functions actually ceased

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21
Q

Estimated Time of Death

A

The time the medical examiner estimates that the death occurred

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22
Q

Legal Time of Death

A

The time of death recorded on the death certificate; based on when the body was found or physically pronounced dead

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23
Q

Algor Mortis

A

The change in body temperature after death

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24
Q

Rigor Mortis

A

The stiffening of joints and muscles after death

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25
Q

Livor Mortis

A

Pooling of the body following death that causes a purplish red discoloration of the skin; also referred to as lividity

26
Q

What is the responsibility of a forensic entomologist?

A

To study study arachnids, such as mites, spiders, ticks, and insects, such as flies, as they pertain to criminal investigations

27
Q

What is toxicology?

A

The field of science that studies the effects of chemicals, such as drugs (over-the-counter, prescription, and illicit), alcohol, poisons, metals, and gasses on the human body

28
Q

What is a Toxin?

A

Naturally-occurring poisons produced by living organisms such as bacteria, fungi, plants, insects, and algae

29
Q

What are Toxicants?

A

Manufactured and extracted chemicals such as pesticides, cleaning agents, industrial emissions or by-products, mining by-products, etc. that are in our environment and produce adverse biological effects of any nature

30
Q

What is Physical digestion?

A

the mechanical act of breaking down food into smaller parts, like when you chew

31
Q

What is Chemical Digestion?

A

your body’s use of acids and enzymes to break down foods into smaller molecules

32
Q

What is metabolism?

A

The chemical reaction processes of breaking down molecules for energy and of using simple building blocks to build up more complex molecules needed for growth and repair

33
Q

What is a metabolite?

A

The small molecules produced as byproducts during metabolism

34
Q

Where is metabolite found?

A

Blood, sweat, urine, skin cells, hair, fingernails/toenails, or other cells and tissues of the body

35
Q

Why is it important to identify metabolites in an autopsy?

A

They can provide clues as clues as to what substances were ingested by an individual and when

36
Q

What is the responsibility of a forensic chemist?

A

Test non biological samples, such as powders, pills, and other substances, to determine their identity, components, or concentration

37
Q

What is a presumptive test?

A

quick tests that indicate if a type of substance is present but cannot specifically identify a substance

38
Q

What is a confirmatory test?

A

specific tests that can determine the exact identity and composition of a substance by pinpointing its specific properties

39
Q

What is histology?

A

the study of the microscopic anatomy of tissues

40
Q

What is the function of the nervous system?

A

Responds to internal and external changes by acting an appropriate response, processes information

41
Q

What organs are involved in the nervous system?

A

The brain and spinal cord

42
Q

What is the central nervous system?

A

The brain and spinal cord

43
Q

What is the peripheral nervous system?

A

All of the nerves

44
Q

How do the central and peripheral nervous systems work together?

A

The nerves of the peripheral nervous system extend from the central nervous system to the outermost areas of the body

45
Q

What are the four lobes of the brain?

A

1) Frontal Lobe, 2) Parietal Lobe, 3) Temporal Lobe, 4) Occipital Lobes

46
Q

Frontal Lobe

A

Responsible for planning and organizing incoming information. Also controls behavior and emotions

47
Q

Parietal Lobe

A

Crucial in integrating sensory and visual information

48
Q

Temporal Lobe

A

Used for processing language and storing information in the long term memory

49
Q

Occipital Lobes

A

Receives and processes sensory nerve impulses from the eyes

50
Q

Traumatic Brain Injury (TBI)

A

A brain dysfunction caused by an outside force to the head

51
Q

Chronic Traumatic Encephalopathy (CTE)

A

A progressive degeneration, and/or death, of nerve cells caused by repeated head injuries, such as repeated concussions

52
Q

What organs are involved in the cardiovascular system?

A

heart, veins, arteries, and capillaries

53
Q

What is the difference between pulmonary and systemic circulation?

A

Pulmonary circulation moves blood between the heart and the lungs while systemic circulation moves blood between the heart and the rest of the body

54
Q

What is the difference between arteries and veins?

A

Veins return blood to the heart, contain valves, oxygen poor blood, blood flows smoothly, slows under low pressure
Arteries are large vessels, carries blood from the heart to the rest of the body, oxygen rich blood, thick walls, flows in pulses, flows under high pressure

55
Q

What is the difference between arteries and veins? (direction)

A

Arteries carry blood away from the heart, and veins carry blood towards the heart

56
Q

What is the difference between arteries and veins? (structure)

A

Arteries have thick walls with muscle tissue, veins have thinner walls and use valves to keep your blood flowing

57
Q

What is the function of valves?

A

Prevent the backward flow of blood

58
Q

Starting at the Right atrium, list in order the path of blood flow through the heart.

A

The blood enters the heart’s right atrium and is pumped to your right ventricle, which in turn pumps the blood to your lungs. The pulmonary artery then carries the oxygen-poor blood from your heart to the lungs. Your lungs add oxygen to your blood.

59
Q

Which parts of the heart carry deoxygenated blood?

A

Vena cava — One of the two great veins that carries deoxygenated blood from the body to the right atrium of the heart.

60
Q

Which parts of the heart carry oxygenated blood?

A

Oxygen-rich blood flows from the lungs back into the left atrium (LA), or the left upper chamber of the heart, through four pulmonary veins

Principles of Biomedical Science (1 decks)

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