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Biomedical Science > Unit 1.2 > Flashcards

Unit 1.2 Flashcards

1
Q

Morgue

A

A place where the bodies of dead persons are kept temporarily pending identification or release for burial or autopsy.

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2
Q

Vein

A

A vessel that returns blood (typically deoxygenated with exception of pulmonary and umbilical) to the heart.

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3
Q

Autopsy

A

A postmortem evaluation to determine the cause of death.

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4
Q

Livor mortis

A

Pooling of the body following death that causes a purplish red discoloration of the skin; also referred to as lividity.

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5
Q

Artery

A

Blood vessel that carries blood from the heart to the rest of the body.

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6
Q

Systemic Circulation

A

The series of vessels that bring oxygenated blood from the heart to tissues and return deoxygenated blood from the tissues back to the heart.

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7
Q

Histology

A

The study of the microscopic anatomy of tissues; also known as micro anatomy.

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8
Q

Atherosclerosis

A

Cardiovascular disease characterized by the gradual buildup of plaque in artery walls.

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9
Q

Myocardial Infarction

A

Heart attack: a serious condition that occurs when blood and oxygen supply to the heart is reduced, causing part of the heart muscle to suddenly die.

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10
Q

Cell

A

The smallest unit of life

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11
Q

Aortic Valve Stenosis

A

A heart condition that occurs when the aortic valve narrows, partially obstructing blood flow across the valve.

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12
Q

Tissue

A

An integrated group of cells with a common function and/or structure

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13
Q

Pulmonary Circulation

A

Part of the circulatory system in which deoxygenated blood moves from the right ventricle of the heart to the lungs (through arteries) to become oxygenated and then returns to the left side of the heart (through veins).

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14
Q

Cause of Death

A

The specific injury, trauma, or disease that directly caused the victim’s death.

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15
Q

Organ

A

A collection of tissues in an organism that preforms a specific function like the heart, brain, skin, and liver.

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16
Q

Rigor mortis

A

The stiffening of joints and muscles after death.

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17
Q

Patent Foramen Ovale (PFO)

A

An abnormal hole present in the wall between the two upper chambers of the heart, or atria; congenital condition, meaning it is present at birth.

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18
Q

Congestive Heart Failure (CHF)

A

A cardiovascular disorder that occurs when your heart cannot pump enough blood to supply the body.

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19
Q

Organ System

A

A group of organs that work together to perform one or more functions.

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20
Q

Atrium

A

An upper chamber of the heart where blood enters. The heart has two atria: the left atrium connects to the lungs and the right atrium connects to the veins.

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21
Q

Algor mortis

A

The change in body temperature after death.

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22
Q

Ventricle

A

A lower chamber of the heart where blood exits. The heart has two ventricles: the left ventricle connects to the aorta and the right ventricle connects to the main pulmonary artery (or pulmonary trunk)

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23
Q

Legal time of death

A

The time of death recorded on the death certificate; is based on when the body was found or physically pronounced dead.

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24
Q

Physiological time of death

A

The time when the decedent’s vital functions actually ceased.

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25
Q

Valve

A

Structure that temporarily closes a passage or orifice, or permits movement of fluid in only one direction.

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26
Q

Estimated time of death

A

The time the medical examiner estimates that the death occurred.

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27
Q

Mechanism of Death

A

What happens physiologically (inside the body) to result in death.

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28
Q

Tricuspid Valve

A

Situated at the opening of the right atrium of the heart into the right ventricle.

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29
Q

Manner of Death

A

The circumstances that result in death, are designated as natural or unnatural.

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30
Q

Mitral Valve (bicuspid)

A

Prevents the blood in the ventricle from returning to the atrium.

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31
Q

Heart

A

4-chambered pump
Left side pumps blood through the arteries to capillaries
Right side pumps blood to the lungs to release carbon dioxide and revive oxygen.

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32
Q

System

A

A group of organs in a body that work together to perform a specific function.

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33
Q

Coroner

A

An official who investigates violent, sudden, or suspicious deaths.

34
Q

Homicide

A

The deliberate killing of another person; murder.

35
Q

Pulmonary Valve

A

Prevents blood from returning into the right ventricle.

36
Q

Veins

A

Flow toward the heart

37
Q

Exsanguination

A

Extreme blood loss

38
Q

Capillaries

A

The flow between arteries and veins.
-Blood releases nutrients, oxygen, and other necessary molecules into the body tissues.

39
Q

Aortic Valve

A

Prevents blood from flowing back into the left ventricle.

40
Q

Medical Examiner

A

A physician who preforms an autopsy when death might have been caused accidentally or intentionally. Sometimes will also serve as a coroner.

41
Q

What is the Integumentary System?

A

Skin, hair, nails, sweat glands, oil glands

42
Q

What are the functions of the integumentary system?

A

Protects the internal environment from invasion.
Protects against fluid and protein loss.
Thermoregulation-
control of the internal temperature by increasing or decreasing heat loss from the body.
Sensations.
Receptors for touch, temperature, and pain.
Waste elimination.
Production of vitamin

43
Q

What is the skeletal system?

A

Bones, joints, cartilage

44
Q

What are the functions of the skeletal system?

A

supports body, protects the organs, are sites for muscle attachment, are levers for movement, site of blood cell formation, and site of mineral storage

45
Q

What is the nervous system?

A

Brain, spinal cord, nerves

46
Q

What are the functions of the nervous system?

A
  • Monitors internal and external environments with receptors - interprets and responds to stimuli by sending an electrical message to another nerve and or muscle - special senses like taste, smell, sight, balance, etc.
47
Q

What is the muscular system?

A

Muscle

48
Q

What are the functions of the muscular system?

A

Contract and relax to cause movement and stabilize body position by pulling on the bones and generating heat.

49
Q

What is the endocrine system?

A

Glands that produce hormones: pineal, pituitary, hypothalamus, thyroid, parathyroids, thymus, adrenals, pancreas, testes, ovaries, and hormone-producing tissue found in other organs.

50
Q

What is the function of the endocrine system?

A

Allows hormones to travel into the bloodstream to help control other organs.

51
Q

What is the urinary system?

A

Both kidneys, ureters, a bladder, and a urethra

52
Q

What are the functions of the urinary system?

A

Filters blood, eliminates waste, regulates fluid and chemical composition of blood, helps maintain the acid-base balance, helps maintain mineral homeostasis, helps regulate the production of red blood cells, and produces urine.

53
Q

What is the female reproductive system?

A

Uterus, fallopian tubes, ovaries, and vagina

54
Q

What are the functions of the female reproductive system?

A

Produces, stores, and transports gametes (eggs): produces hormones, nourishes, and supports a developing embryo, to fetus, and delivers baby

55
Q

What is the male reproductive system?

A

Testes, epididymis, ductus deferens, and penis.

56
Q

What are the functions of the reproductive system?

A

Produces, stores, transports, and delivers gametes (sperm): produces hormones.

57
Q

What is the digestive system?

A

Anything that gets material like mouth, pharynx, esophagus, stomach, small and large intestines, and anus.

58
Q

What are the functions of the digestive systems?

A

Helps move food and liquid through the GI tract and break down food and liquid: takes in nutrients and removes waste.

59
Q

What is the respiratory system?

A

Nose, pharynx, larynx, trachea, bronchi, and lungs.

60
Q

What are the functions of the respiratory system?

A

Brings air from the atmosphere into the lungs, transfers oxygen from the inhaled air to the blood, and receives carbon dioxide from the blood to be exhaled, helps regulate the acid-base balance

61
Q

What is the cardiovascular system?

A

Heart, blood, and blood vessels.

62
Q

What are the functions of the cardiovascular system?

A

Supplies cells with nutrients and oxygen, removes waste products from cells, helps regulate pH, water volume, temperature, helps fight against disease, mends damaged vessels.

63
Q

What is the lymphatic system?

A

Spleen, thymus, lymph nodes, tonsils, lymph, and lymph vessels.

64
Q

What are the functions of the lymphatic system?

A

Returns to the blood supple fluid and proteins that have moves out of the blood vessels, transports lipids from the small intestine to bloodstream, houses lymphocytes that defend the body against invasion by microbes, foreign cells, toxins, and cancer cells.

65
Q

Glaister Equation

A

98.4 - rectal temperature divided by 1.5

66
Q

Forensic Toxicologist

A

focuses on identifying the role of any substances that may have played in an illness or death.

67
Q

Forensic Chemist

A

Test non biological samples like powders, pills, and other substances, to determine their identity, components, or concentration.

68
Q

Presumptive Tests

A

Quick tests that indicate if a type of substance is present but cannot specifically identify a substance.

69
Q

Confirmatory Tests

A

Specific tests that can determine the exact identity and composition of a substance by pinpointing its specific properties.

70
Q

Gross Examination

A

A microscopic examination of the tissues that make up the brain.

71
Q

Central Nervous System

A

Brain and Spinal Cord
- Brain processes information, makes decisions about what to do, and sends signals back to the peripheral nervous system to bring about a specific change.

72
Q

Peripheral Nervous System

A

Nerves/Neurons
- Bring information from the outside world and from within the body to the central nervous system for processing.

73
Q

Frontal Lobe

A

Responsible for planning and organizing incoming information. Also controls behavior and emotions.

74
Q

Temporal Lobe

A

Used for processing language and storing information in the long-term memory.

75
Q

Parietal Lobe

A

Crucial in integrating sensory and visual information.

76
Q

Occipital Lobe

A

Receives and processes sensory nerve impulses from the eyes.

77
Q

What are the 4 tissue types?

A

Nervous, Epithelial, Muscle, and Connective.

78
Q

Nervous Tissue

A

Nerves, spinal cord, and brain are composed of nervous tissues. This tissue, made up of specialized cells, called neurons, works to receive, interpret, and respond to signals.

79
Q

Epithelial Tissue

A

Composed of epithelial cells aligned in sheets and connected to one another. This tissue can be found lining the outer surfaces of all organs and blood vessels, in the mouth, and on the surfaces of humans. This tissue works to absorb, secrete, protect, and sense for us.

80
Q

Muscle Tissue

A

Makes up the muscles found in the body. Muscle tissue can be striated, smooth, or cardiac. Striated muscle tissue, also known as skeletal muscle tissue, is attached to bones. Smooth muscle tissue is found in the walls of internal organs. Cardiac muscle tissue is found in the walls of the heart. This tissue provides the ability to contract.

81
Q

Connective Tissue

A

Supports and connects other tissue types in the body. Different types of connective tissue work to hold organs in place, attach muscle to bones or link bones with joints, or enable other tissues (like lungs) to stretch. It is found attached to and in between other tissue types in the body.

Biomedical Science (2 decks)

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