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Chemistry UNIT 1 > Unit 1.1 - The Nature Of Substances And Chemical Reactions > Flashcards

Unit 1.1 - The Nature Of Substances And Chemical Reactions Flashcards

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1
Q

What is the mass number/Atomic mass/Ar

A

Mass of Protons + neutrons of an atom

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2
Q

What are elements

A

Substances that cannot be broken down into simpler substances. They are substances made up of only one type of atom

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3
Q

How to calculate atomic number

A

Number of protons/electrons

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4
Q

How to calculate the Number of Neutrons

A

Mass number - atomic number

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5
Q

What are isotopes

A

Isotopes are atoms of the same element with the same number of protons but a different number of neutrons

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6
Q

What are compounds

A

Compounds are substances made of two or more different types of atoms that are chemically joined. Compounds Are difficult to separate

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7
Q

True/false.
Compounds have the same properties to the elements that made it

A

False-the properties of compounds can be completely different to the elements that made it

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8
Q

How to work out Ar /relative atomic mass
Example: chlorine
75% - 35 Cl
25% - 37 Cl

A

(75x35) + (25x37)
————————-
100

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9
Q

How to work out formulae
Aluminium oxide

A

Al3+. O2-
Al2O3

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10
Q

What does Mr stand for

A

Relative molecular mass

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11
Q

How to work out Mr
H2O

A

2x1 + 1x16 = Mr of 18

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12
Q

How to work out percentage composition by mass
Example: what percentage of NH3 is N

A

Mr(NH3)=17
1x14
—— x 100 = 82%
17

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13
Q

What is a mixture

A

Adam/molecules in mixtures I’m not chemically joined therefore can be easily separated. Mixtures can be in any proportions and they do not lose their original properties.

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14
Q

What physical processes can separate mixtures

A

Filtration, evaporation, chromatography, distillation

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15
Q

Give a use for each method of separating a mixture
Evaporation, filtration, chromatography, distillation 

A

Evaporation = changes liquid into gas
Filtration = filtrate liquid from substance
Distillation = changes liquid into gas and collects gas
Chromatography = separates dyes

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16
Q

What happens to atoms in a chemical reaction

A

Atoms are rearranged but none are created or destroyed, Therefore the mass of the reactants would be the same as the mass of the products

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17
Q

Cheat for writing equations

A

Signs
know
workout
balance

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18
Q

How to write equations
Example:
Magnesium + oxygen => Magnesium oxide

A

S. + =>
K. Mg + O2 =>
W. Mg + O2 => MgO
B. 2Mg + O2 => 2MgO

19
Q

Cheat for diatomic substances

A

Have no fear of ice cold beer
Hydrogen
Nitrogen
Fluoride
Oxygen
Iodine
Chlorine
Bromium

20
Q

Useful acid formulaes

A

Sulphuric acid-H2SO4
Nitric acid - HNO3
Hydrochloric acid HCl

21
Q

Four types of chemical reactions

A

Exothermic, endothermic, neutralisation, reversible

22
Q

Properties of types of chemical reactions
Exothermic, endothermic, neutralisation, reversible

A

Exothermic-gives of heat
Endothermic a-takes in heat (Cold on Surface)
Neutralisation-where acids and bases react to form neutral products
Reversible-can be reversed dependant on conditions

23
Q

Mass, atomic mass, moles triangle

A

Mass

Ar. Moles

24
Q

How to work out empirical formulae
Example : 0.62 g phosphorus combined with 0.48 g of oxygen

A

Elements P. O
Mass. 0.62. 0.48
Ar. 31. 16
Moles. 0.02. 0.03
Ratio. 2. 3
Formula. P2. O3

P2O3

25
Q

How to work out reacting masses
Example: 2Mg + 02 => 2MgO

A

Elements. Mg. MgO
Mass. 6. ? => 10
Ar. 24. 40
Moles. 0.25. X1>. 0.25
Ratio. 2. X1> 2

26
Q

What is the valency of an element

A

How many electrons are lost/gained when an atom turns into an ion

27
Q

What is an ion

A

An atom with an electrical charge

28
Q

What happens to turn an atom into an ion

A

An electron is lost/gained

29
Q

Two uses of gas chromatography

A

Find exact amount & see forged to banknotes

30
Q

Advantage of gas chromatography over paper chromatography

A

Tells the exact amount

31
Q

Explain why the process of chromatography is able to separate dyes

A

All the chemicals have different solubilities

32
Q

Equation for Rf

A

Distance from baseline to compound spot
———————————————————— = Rf
Distance from baseline to solvent front

33
Q

Equation to work out the percentage yield

A

Theoretical mass
————————- x 100 = %yield
Actual mass

34
Q

Reacting masses ratio

A

Always 1:1

35
Q

What is a period on the periodic table

A

Row

36
Q

What is a group on the periodic table

A

Column

37
Q

If an element is in group 2 what does it tell you about that element

A

It has two electrons in the outer orbit/shell

38
Q

If an element is in period two what does it tell you about that element

A

It has two electron orbits/shells in total

39
Q

How many electrons fit on its first orbit /shell

A

2

40
Q

How many electrons fit on every orbit/shell except the first

A

8

41
Q

If an element is in group 8/zero what does it tell you about that element

A

It has a full outer orbit/shell

42
Q

How to get number of electrons

A

Atomic number

43
Q

To get a number of protons

A

Atomic number

44
Q



A

Chemistry UNIT 1 (1 decks)

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