Unit 1.1 Study Guide: Networks of Exchange Flashcards
What was Pax Mongolica, and how did it contribute to trade, cultural exchange, and stability across Eurasia?
refers to a period of relative stability and peace across the vast Eurasian territory controlled by the Mongol Empire during the 13th and 14th centuries, which significantly facilitated trade, cultural exchange, and overall stability between East and West due to the unified administration and secure trade routes enforced by the Mongols across their empire
Explain one method the Mongols used to govern and incorporate the people they conquered and discuss how this method contributed to the success of their empire.
One method is while the Mongols had their own beliefs, they generally practiced religious tolerance, which helped to ease tensions and make integration with diverse populations across their vast empire.
How did the Silk Road facilitate cultural exchange between different regions, and what were some of the key goods traded along this route?
connecting diverse regions through trade, allowing people from different cultures to interact and trade goods like silk, spices, and porcelain, but also ideas, religions, philosophies, art, technology, and knowledge,
How did advances in maritime technology, such as the lateen sail and magnetic compass, contribute to the expansion of Indian Ocean trade?
enabling ships to navigate more effectively, reach further distances, and trade with a wider range of ports across the vast ocean
Describe the role of Genghis Khan in the expansion of the Mongol Empire and explain one method the Mongols used to conquer such a vast territory.
he was the leader; and used psychological warfare: Genghis Khan utilized psychological tactics to intimidate enemies, often employing brutal reprisals against those who resisted, which encouraged surrender and submission.
In what ways did the spread of the Black Death illustrate the dangers of increased connectivity along trade routes like the Silk Road and Indian Ocean routes?
made the rapid transmission of disease across vast distances, as merchants and travelers carried fleas infected with the plague bacteria and spread it to others
What was the Silk Road?
Definition:
Purpose:
Time Period:
Def: The Silk Road was a network of trade routes that connected Asia to Europe and the Middle East.
Purpose: The Silk Road made economic, cultural, political, and religious interactions between the Eastern and Western worlds. aka diverse religions interacted.
Time Period: The Silk Road was active from the second century BCE until 1453 CE
What Continents Did the Silk Road Connect?
Asia, Europe, Africa
What Luxury Goods Were Traded Along the Silk Roads?
From China:
From India:
From the Middle East:
From Europe:
China: Silk, Porcelain, Tea, Jade, Paper
India: Spices, Cotton fabrics, Ivory, Precious stones, Dyes
Middle East: Carpets, Glassware,
Perfumes, Silver products
Europe: Horses, Gold, Silver, Wine, Wool fabrics
What Technologies Facilitated Trade Along the Silk Road?
Camel saddles:
Stirrups:
Navigation tools:
Paper money:
Roads and infrastructure:
Camel saddles: ideal for carrying large things
Stirrups: riders could control their horses better; effective horseback riding
Navigation tools: compass and astrolabe helped traders navigate long distances on silk road; determine location with accuracy
Paper money: Chinese merchants; allowed easier transportation of large money compared to heavy coins
Roads and infrastructure: provided safe and organized system for merchants and caravans; caravanserai
What Was the Role of the Caravanserai?
Definition:
Function:
Impact:
What Were the Challenges of Traveling the Silk Road?
Geographic Obstacles:
Weather Extremes:
Banditry:
What Was the Role of Oasis Towns Like Samarkand and Kashgar?
1.
2.
trade center; caravan rest stop; cultural exchange
Mongolia
Geography and importance as the homeland of the Mongols.
Mongols
nomadic people who lived in Central Asia and were known for their skills as horsemen
Nomadic
Definition:
How did being a nomadic shape Mongol culture, economy, and warfare?
Living in difficult, harsh conditions made them tough with excellent endurance
Temujin / Genghis Khan
Early life of Temujin and rise to power.
Title of Genghis Khan and unification of the Mongol tribes.
Abused in early life, abducted and enslaved with his wife.
Genghis Khan means “Universal Ruler”
Since he united mongol tribes as their leader, he made the Mongol Empire.
Mongol Brutality
Examples of Mongol brutality and terror during conquests.
How they used brutality as a psychological tool in warfare.
By burning down cities; removing their will to fight back and forcing them to surrender; spread fear across towns
How Did the Mongols Incorporate the People They Conquered?
Policies on governing conquered peoples.
Integration of administrators, soldiers, and artisans into the empire.
They let people they conquered join their military, typically let leaders stay leaders in their towns; cultural exchange
