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AP Human Geography > Unit 1.1 Introduction to Maps > Flashcards

Unit 1.1 Introduction to Maps Flashcards

1
Q

Remote Sensing

A

The process of capturing images of Earth’s surface from airborne platforms such as satellites or airplanes

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2
Q

Global Positioning System (GPS)

A

The system that accurately determines the precise position of something on Earth via satellites and recievers

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3
Q

Geographic Information System (GIS)

A

A computer system that captures, stores, analyzses and displays georgaphic data

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4
Q

Layers

A

Types of information (countries, bodies of water, names of places etc.) displayed in a map

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5
Q

Mashups

A

The practice of combining layers on a map

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6
Q

Qualitative Data

A

Data associated with a humanistic approach to geography

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7
Q

Quantitative Data

A

Data associated with mathematical models and statistical techniques

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8
Q

Latitude

A

The distance north or south of the equator

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9
Q

Equator

A

An imaginary line that circles the globe exactly halfway

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10
Q

Longitude

A

The distance east or west of the Prime Meridian

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11
Q

Prime Meridian

A

An imaginary line that runs from pole to pole through Greenwich, England

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12
Q

Map Key/Legend

A

An inset on a map that explains what the colors or symbols used means and what the scale of the maps is

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13
Q

Map Scale

A

The ratio between the size of things in the real world and the size of things on a map

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14
Q

Toponym

A

The name given to a place on Earth

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15
Q

Relative Location

A

The description of where something is in relation to other things

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16
Q

Absolute Location

A

The precise place where something is found

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17
Q

Relative Distance

A

The distance between two points, measured using metrics like time effort or cost

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18
Q

Absolute Distance

A

The distance between two points, communicated using precise quantative units of measurements

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19
Q

Relative Direction

A

The direction based on people’s surrounding and perception

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20
Q

Absolute Direction

A

Directions according to a compas (NSEW)

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21
Q

Density

A

How often or how much something occurs within a place

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22
Q

Distribution

A

Where something occurs within a place

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23
Q

Clustered

A

When there is a high level of density and a low level of distribution

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24
Q

Dispersed

A

When there is a low level of density due to a high level of distribution

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25
Distance Decay
The theory that the interaction (flow of goods, people) between two places decreases as the distance between them increases
26
Time-Space Compression
The reducation in the time it takes to diffuse something to a distant place, as the result of improved communication and transportational technologies
27
Physical Geography
The study of the spatial characteristics of various elements of the physical environment (landforms, bodies of water, climate, ecosystems etc.)
28
Human Geography
The study of the spatial characteristics of humans and human activities (population, culture, politics, urban areas, economics etc.)
29
Four-Level Analysis
A type of analysis consisting of 4 steps: comprehension, identification, explanation and prediction
30
Analyze
To break down into parts and study each part carefully
31
Theory
A system of ideas and concepts that attempt to explain and prove why or how interactions have occured in the part or will occur in the future
32
Concepts
The key vocabulary, ideas and building blocks that geographers use to describe our world
33
Processes
Involve a series of steps or actions that explain why or how geographic patterns occur
34
Models
Representations of reality or theories about reality, to help geographers see general spatial patterns, focus on the influence of specific factors and understand variations from place to place.
35
Spatial Models
Like stylized maps they illustrate theories about spatial distributions, developed for agricultural and urban land use, distributions of cities and store or factory location
36
Nonspatial Models
Illustrates theories and concepts using words, graphs or tables and often depict changes over time rather than across space with more accurcy than spatial models
37
Time-Distance Decay
The idea that the closer the places are connected to each others, the more relationships and connections they'll have between each other
38
Spatial Patterns
Refers to the general arrangement of things being studied, describing the spatial patterns, networks and relationships with precise language is critical to understanding critical relationships
39
Networks
A set of interconnected entities, sometimes called nodes.
40
Quantitative Sources
Not usually represented by numbers, this data is collected as interviews, photographs, remote satellite images, descriptions or cartoons
41
Scales Of Analysis
Looking at topics at the local, regional, country, or global scale
42
Reference Maps
They are designed for people to refer to for general information about places
43
Political Maps
They show and label human-created boundaries and designations such as countries, states, cities and capitals
44
Physical Maps
They show and label natural features, such as mountains, rivers, and deserts
45
Road Maps
They show and label highways, streets and alleys
46
Plat Maps
They show and label property lines and details of land ownership
47
Thematic Maps
Show spatial aspects of information or of a phenomenon
48
Choropleth Maps
Use colors, shades of one color, or patterns to show the location and distribustion of spatial data
49
Dot Distribution Maps
Used to show the specific location and distribution of something across a map, each dot representing a specified quantity
50
Graduated Symbol Maps
Use symbols of different sizes to indicate different amounts of something, larger sizes indicate more of something vice versa
51
Isoline Maps
Also called isometric maps, use lines that connect points of equal value to depict variations in the data across space
52
Topographic Maps
Popular among hikers, points of equal elevation are connected on these maps creating contours that depic serface features
53
Cartogram
The size of countries (or areal units) are shown according to some specific statistic
54
Cartographic Scale
Refers to the way the map communicates the ratio of its size to the size of what it represents
55
Small-Scale Maps
Show a larger amount of area with less detail (small zoom)
56
Large-Scale Maps
Show a smaller amount of area with more detail (large zoom)
57
International Date Line
Opposite to the prime meridian is this line which roughly follows 180 degrees longitude
58
Connectivity
Is how well two locations are tied together by roads or other links
59
Accessibility
How quickly and easily people in one location can interact with people in another location
60
Direction
Used in order to describe where things are in relation to each other
61
Elevation
Is the distance of features above sea level, usually meaused in feet or meters
62
Distribution
The way a phenomenon is spread out over an area
63
Clustered Or Agglomerated
Phenomena are arranged in a group or concentrated area
64
Linear
Phenomena are arrnaged in a straight line
65
Dispersed
Phenomena are spread out over a large area
66
Circular
Phenomena are equally spaced from a central point
67
Geometric
Phenomena are in a regular arrnagement
68
Random
Phenomena apear to have no order to their position

AP Human Geography (1 decks)

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