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A-level Chemistry Unit 1 > Unit 1.1 Formulae and Equations > Flashcards

Unit 1.1 Formulae and Equations Flashcards

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1
Q

What does the chemical formula do?

A

A chemical formula tells us which elements make up a particular compound and how many atoms of each element there are in a molecule of that compound.

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2
Q

formula of hydrogen ion

A

H+

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3
Q

formula of lithium ion

A

Li+

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4
Q

formula of sodium

A

Na+

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5
Q

formula of potassium

A

K+

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6
Q

formula of silver

A

Ag+

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7
Q

formula of magnesium

A

Mg2+

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8
Q

formula of calcium

A

Ca2+

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9
Q

formula of barium

A

Ba2+

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10
Q

formula of zinc

A

Zn2+

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11
Q

formula of aluminium

A

Al3+

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12
Q

formula of copper (I)

A

Cu+

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13
Q

formula of copper (II)

A

Cu2+

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14
Q

formula of iron (II)

A

Fe2+

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15
Q

formula of iron (III)

A

Fe3+

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16
Q

formula of tin (II)

A

Sn2+

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17
Q

formula of tin (IV)

A

Sn4+

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18
Q

formula of lead (II)

A

Pb2+

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19
Q

formula of lead (IV)

A

Pb4+

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20
Q

formula of chromium (III)

A

Cr3+

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21
Q

formula of manganese (II)

A

Mn2+

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22
Q

formula of fluoride

A

F-

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23
Q

formula of chloride

A

Cl-

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24
Q

formula of bromide

A

Br-

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25
Q

formula of iodide

A

I-

26
Q

formula of oxide

A

O2-

27
Q

formula of sulfide

A

S2-

28
Q

formula of nitride

A

N3-

29
Q

formula of phosphide

A

P3-

30
Q

formula of hydride

A

H-

31
Q

formula of hydroxide

A

OH-

32
Q

formula of nitrate

A

NO3-

33
Q

formula of carbonate

A

CO32-

34
Q

formula of sulfate

A

SO42-

35
Q

formula of phosphate

A

PO43-

36
Q

formula of sulfite

A

SO32-

37
Q

formula of hydrogen carbonate

A

HCO3-

38
Q

formula of hydrogen sulfate

A

HSO4-

39
Q

formula of ammonium

A

NH4+

40
Q

formula of magnesium oxide

A

MgO

41
Q

formula of sodium sulfide

A

Na2S

42
Q

formula of calcium nitrate

A

Ca(NO3)2

43
Q

formula of aluminium oxide

A

Al2O3

44
Q

formula of iron (III) oxide

A

Fe2O3

45
Q

formula of copper (II) sulfate

A

CuSO4

46
Q

formula of sodium nitride

A

Na3N

47
Q

formula of potassium sulfite

A

K2SO3

48
Q

formula of calcium phosphide

A

Ca3P2

49
Q

formula of sodium carbonate

A

NazCO3

50
Q

formula of tin (II) oxide

A

SnO

51
Q

What do oxidation numbers show? (What are oxidation numbers?)

A

Oxidation numbers (states) show the total number of electrons which have been removed (or partly removed) from an element or added (or partly added) to an element to get to its present state.

52
Q

List the rules for working out oxidation numbers.

A
  1. The oxidation number of an uncombined element is zero.
  2. The sum of oxidation numbers of all the atoms or ions in a neutral compound is zero.
  3. The sum of the oxidation numbers of all the atoms in an ion is equal to the charge on the ion.
  4. The more electronegative element in a substance is given a negative oxidation number.
  5. Some elements almost always have the same oxidation number in their compounds.
53
Q

What is the usual oxidation state of group I elements?

A

always +1

54
Q

What is the usual oxidation state of group II elements?

A

always +2

55
Q

what is the usual oxidation state of oxygen?

A

usually -2,

except in peroxides (-1) and F2O(+2)

56
Q

what is the usual oxidation state of hydrogen?

A

usually +1

except in metal hydrides where it is -1

57
Q

what is the usual oxidation state of fluorine?

A

always -1

58
Q

what is the usual oxidation state of chlorine?

A

usually -1

except in compounds with O or F.

59
Q

What are oxidation numbers used for?

A

They are used to give unambiguous names to compounds.

60
Q

How do you write an ionic equation?

A
  1. Write the balanced equation, include state symbols
  2. Split up any ionic solutions into separate positive and negative ions
  3. Cross out any spectator ions (ions that appear on both sides of the equation)
  4. Write the ionic equation by copying out the remaining substances

A-level Chemistry Unit 1 (5 decks)

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