Unit 1.1 Conditions for Life on Earth

Question 2

Name 5 reasons an Appropriate Temperature Range important for life processes?

Answer 2

• Most areas of earth have temperatures above 0’C, which allows liquid water to be present.- Most enzymes denature at higher temperature, so most living organisms are found within the range 0’C to 40’C.- Optimum temperatures are needed for metabolic proc

Question 3

What abiotic conditions are suitable for life processes?

Answer 3

NAME?

Question 4

Name 5 reasons Suitable Ambient Gasses are needed for life processes?

Answer 4

The main gasses in the atmosphere are Carbon Dioxide (CO2), Nitrogen (N2), Oxygen (O2), Water Vapour (H2O) and Ozone (O3).- Carbon dioxide is required for photosynthesis and climate control- Oxygen for aerobic respiration.- Nitrogen is fixed in soil to make it available to plants as a nutrients source- Ozone in the atmosphere filters out harmful ultraviolet light that damages kin and DNA- Water vapour is important in the hydrological cycle forming precipitation.

Question 5

Name 5 reasons Why Light is important for life processes?

Answer 5

NAME?

Question 6

Metabolism

Answer 6

Metabolism, the whole range of biochemical processes that occur within us (or any living organism). Metabolism consists of anabolism (the build-up of substances) and catabolism (the breakdown of substances).

Question 7

Specific heat capacity

Answer 7

The measure of the amount of heat energy needed to heat up a particular mass of a material through a particular temperature rise.

Question 8

What is the importance of water for life processes

Answer 8

Water is essential for all living organisms, both for its physiological functions in living organisms and for the way it changes the wider environment.- Physiological solvent - most chemical reactions in cells take place dissolved in water- Transport - water is the solvent in blood and sap. it transports oxygen, carbon dioxide, sugars, amino acids, waste products, mineral nutrients etc.- Temperature control - the evaporation of water from the skin can be used to cool the body when its too hot. Heat can also be transported in the blood, for instance from the core of the body to the skin to increase heat loss.- Anomalous expansion on freezing - because ice floats it keeps very cold air above the ice separate from the water below, which prevents the water from cooling as much as it would have without the ice. this prevents lakes in cold areas from freezing solid in winter.- High specific heat capacity - This causes water to warm up and cool down slowly, helping to moderate the rate and size of temperature changes - Provision of aquatic habitats - such as rivers, lakes, and oceans.

Question 9

Physiological Function

Answer 9

Any substance that is involved in chemical reactions in a living organism has a physiological function

Question 10

What factors allowed the Earth to produce the conditions for life?Diagram.

Answer 10

The position of the Earth in the solar system, and its size, structure, composition and rotation, have combined to produce the conditions that allowed life to develop and evolve 4 billion years ago.

Question 11

What does the gravitational attraction of the Earth and the Moon do?

Answer 11

The gravitation attraction of the Earth and Moon create tides and keeps the Earth upright in relation to the Sun.

Question 12

Distance ofMoon to EarthSun to Earth

Answer 12

• Moon 3,500- Sun 140 0,000

Question 13

Diameter ofMoonEarth Sun

Answer 13

• Moon 3,500- Earth 12,700- Sun 1,400,000

Question 14

What does the mass of the Earth control/

Answer 14

The mass of the Earth controls gravity which is strong enough to retain an atmosphere

Question 15

What does the speed of rotation prevent?

Answer 15

Excessive temperature fluctuations

Question 16

What does the distance from the Earth to the Sun control?

Answer 16

The amount of insolation, therefore the temperature and the presence of liquid water.

Question 17

What do Earths magnetic fields do?

Answer 17

Protects the Earth by reflecting solar radiation

Question 18

Thermophilic

Answer 18

Heat loving, such as bacteria that live around hot volcanic vents and springs

Question 19

Ambient gasses

Answer 19

The surrounding environmental gasses that are available to organisms

Question 20

Atmosphere

Answer 20

The gasses surrounding the Earth. Different layers are characterized by their temperature, density, turbulence and composition.

Question 21

Photolysis

Answer 21

The splitting of molecules by light, including the splitting of water molecules in the early atmosphere, producing oxygen.

Question 22

Greenhouse Gas

Answer 22

A gas that absorbs infra-red radiation and causes atmospheric heating

Question 23

Transpiration

Answer 23

The loss of water by evaporation from the stomata of leaves.

Question 24

Biosphere

Answer 24

All the living organisms on the Earth

Question 25

Hyrdrosphere

Answer 25

All the water on the earth, found in solid, liquid or gaseous form in a variety of reservoir, including the oceans, ice caps, rivers, and lakes, soil, ground water atmosphere and living organisms.

Question 26

Lithosphere

Answer 26

The relatively hard outer layer of the earth, consisting of the crust and upper layer of the mantle.

Question 27

How dis the presence of life on Earth bring about environmental change?

Answer 27

• As life on earth became more abundant it changed the conditions on earth, more oxygen. This made earth more suitable for life and varied life forms could develop and colonize a wide range of habitats.- new life forms adapted to changes conditions on ear

Question 28

What was the atmosphere mainly composed of in early earth?

Answer 28

Carbon dioxide, hydrogen, methane, ammonia and water vapour. With little oxygen.

Question 29

What processes replaces oxygen in the atmosphere?

Answer 29

The of photosynthetic bacteria, algae and plants release large amounts of oxygen in to the atmosphere.

Question 30

How did atmospheric oxygen decrease in Early Earth?

Answer 30

Oxygen is A reactive element, it’s concentration in the atmosphere declined when it reacted with other elements such as Oxidation weathering with iron and bare rock.

Question 31

How was ozone created?

Answer 31

By oxygen absorbing ultraviolet light from the sun causing oxygen to split. This produced monatomic oxygen that reacted with diatomic oxygen.

Question 32

Why is Carbon Dioxide important?

Answer 32

Carbon dioxide is naturally released in to the air by volcanic activities where it heats the earth, it is an essential greenhouse gas and without it the earth would be too cold to support life. Excessive amounts would cause the earth to heat up too rapidly for life.

Question 33

What regulates carbon dioxide in the atmosphere?

Answer 33

Organisms have maintained a suitable level of carbon dioxide by removing it from the atmosphere using it for photosynthesis and storing it as fossil fuels in biomass and carbonate rock.

Question 34

What were the first photosynthetic organisms on Earth and how did this change our atmosphere?

Answer 34

Cyanobacteria such as algae and blue green bacteria first colonized earth and released oxygen in to the atmosphere through photosynthesis.

Question 35

What important role does the water cycle play in the transportation and transpiration of gasses.

Answer 35

Evaporation of water in the sea transports water in land where it falls as precipitation. Transpiration allows for water to be carried further in land. The stomata in leaves allows gas exchanges of carbon dioxide and oxygen, upward mineral transportation and is essential in cooling the plants.