Unit 1.1-4

Question 1

Adult tissue cells are

Answer 1

Multi potent which means they can become a limited range of specialised cells

Question 2

Embryonic cells are

Answer 2

Pluripotent and can become any type of specialised cell

Question 3

Differentiation is

Answer 3

The process by which a cell develops more specialised functions

Question 4

Differentiation is controlled by

Answer 4

The switching on or off of genes that produce proteins characteristic for that cell eg. RBCs, platelets

Question 5

State some features of somatic cells

Answer 5

Diploid
Divide by mitosis
Differentiate to become different body tissues
Mutations not passed on to offspring

Question 6

State some features of germline

Answer 6

Divide by mitosis to make more her line cells
Divide by meiosis to produce haploid gametes
Diploid
Mutations are passed on to offspring

Question 7

What is stem cell research?

Answer 7

Involves using stem cells as a model to study how diseases develop for drug testing

Question 8

Stem cell research is

Answer 8

Highly controversial when it comes to using embryonic stem cells

Question 9

Name some therapeutic uses of stem cell research

Answer 9

Repairing diseased/damaged organs eg. Skin grafts, corneal transplants

Question 10

What is a rumour?

Answer 10

A mass of abnormal cells, if these cells break away they can spread through the body

Question 11

What is cancer?

Answer 11

Abnormal cells which do not respond to regulatory signals and divide excessively

Question 12

describe the structure of DNA

Answer 12

Double stranded helix

Made up of nucleotides which contain deoxyribose, a phosphate and a base which make up the sugar phosphate backbone

Question 13

Name the four bases of DNA

Answer 13

Adenine
Thymine
Guanine
Cytosine

Question 14

How are the bases held together?

Answer 14

By weak hydrogen bonds between complementary base pairs

Question 15

What is stored in DNA?

Answer 15

All the cells genetic information in the base sequence

Question 16

Name some requirements of DNA replication

Answer 16

Primer 
Ligase
DNA polymerase
DNA
ATP
free DNA nucleotides

Question 17

What is a stem cell?

Answer 17

An unspecialised cell which can divide to make copies of the self or become specialised cells

Question 18

An individual’s phenotype is determined by the proteins produced aa a result of

Answer 18

Gene expression

Question 19

What are the differences between RNA and DNA

Answer 19

Ribonucleic acid
Single stranded
Uracil instead of thymine
Ribose instead of deoxyribose

Question 20

What is the role of tRNA

Answer 20

Carries a specific amino acid to a ribosome during translation

Question 21

What is rRNA

Answer 21

rRNA and proteins form a ribosome

Question 22

Where does transcription occur?

Answer 22

In the nucleus

Question 23

In transcription, what does the the primary transcript undergo

Answer 23

RNA splicing where the non coding introns are removed and the coding expand are joined together to form a mature transcript

Question 24

What are the requirements for transcription

Answer 24

A promoter, RNA polymerase, free RNA nucleotides

Question 25

Where does translation occur

Answer 25

At the ribosome

Question 26

What controls transkation

Answer 26

Start and stop codons