Unit 1.1 Flashcards
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What are advantages of HDD (Magnetic)
- Cheaper
- Large Capacity
- Fast read and write speed
- Last longer than SSD
What are advantages for SSD (Solid State)
- Portable
-Very fast access speed
-Consumes less power - Durable as it as no moving parts
What are advantages for Optical Storage
-Portable
-Cheap
-More durable than HDD
What are disadvantages for HDD
-Not portable as it has moving parts
- Made from weak material meaning its not durable
-Works slower than SSD
-Produces alot of heat
What are disadvantages of SSD
- Expensive as its made from expensive material
- Limited storage capacity
-Potential data loss if the drive fails - Wears down over time due to the Nand-Chip turning on and off rapidly
What are disadvantages for Optical storage?
- Slower access time
- Can be scratched leading to loss of data
What is pipelining?
Pipelinig is when multiple instructions overlap eachother in their execution. An example being when one instruction is being fetched, the other is being executed.
What are advantages of pipelining?
- High speed meaning more FDE cycles
- Piplined CPUs works at a higher clock speed frequencies than RAM.
- Faster ALU is desgnied
What are features of the Von neumann Architecture?
- Shared memory
- Shared system bus
- Single control unit
What are the features of the Havard Architecture (Note: They are the opposite)
- Seperate memory for data and instructions
- Seperate Buses
- Fetch is done at the same time as read and write
What are the features of CISC?
- RAM efficent
- Focuses on hardware
- Quicker to code programs
- A more complex set of circutury
- Expensive
What are features of RISC?
- A less complex set of circuity
- Cheap to produce
- Power efficent
- Small amount of very simple instructions
- Can pipeline
Define RAM
Random Access Memory:
- Stores currently open files/applications
- You can modify the content
- Volitale
Define ROM
Read Only Memory:
- Stores the BIOS and stores the instruction to start the opertaing system
- Non-Volatile
Define MAR (Holds the…)
Memory Address Register:
- Holds the address in memory which is required to be fetched or stored in data
Define MDR
Temporily stores data, constantly moving from memory and processor
Define PC (Program Counter)
Holds the memory address of the next instruction that needs to be executed
Define ACC (Accumulator)
Holds the intermediate results of the next instruction from the ALU and MDR
Define CU
Controls the flow of data. Responible for sending Instructions
What is Opcode?
The command part of the instruction
What is Operand?
The data part of the instrucion
What is cache?
Cache stores frequently used instruction that needs to be accessed by the CPU
How is data searched through cache?
When data needs to be fetched, it searches through each level starting from level 1.
When data is found= “Cache HIt”
When data is not found= “Cache Miss”
What happens if there are alot of Cache Misses?
Leads to Data latency
What is Overclocking?
Pushing the CPU to its limits, leading to heating and data-loss.
What is Under-Clocking?
Reducing clock speed, prolongs the use of the CPU.
What are cores?
A set of control units, ALUs and registers.
What is a logical Core?
A physical core split into two simulated virtual cores.
Define Virtual Memory
A location in secondary storage which is used when the RAM is full. Stores unused instructions and swaps them back into RAM when needed.
What is the stored program concept?
- The idea that machine code instructions are stored in main memory
- The instructions are fetched, decoded and executed and the same time
