Unit 10: Intro to Energy

Question 1

What is the definition of Metabolism?

Answer 1

• All living organisms need to obtain and use energy relates to the characteristic of life

Question 2

What are organisms called when they make their own food? What are two types of autotrophs?

Answer 2

• Producers
• Photoautotroph
• chemoautotroph

Question 3

What are organisms called when they only eat their food? And what do they do?

Answer 3

• Heterotrophs
• Must eat their own food
• also called consumers

Question 4

What does energy start with?

Answer 4

• the sun

Question 5

What do plants convert the sun’s energy into?

Answer 5

• sugar

Question 6

What do organisms turn the sugars in the plants turn into when they eat the plants?

Answer 6

• ATP

Question 7

When energy is converted, what does it have to be converted into so that animals can eat it?

Answer 7

• Chemical energy

Question 8

What does photo mean?

Answer 8

• Light

Question 9

What does synthesis mean?

Answer 9

• To make

Question 10

What is the definition of Photosynthesis?

Answer 10

• The process in which organisms use energy from sunlight to make sugar glucose

Question 11

Where does photosynthesis take place in plants?

Answer 11

• The chloroplast

Question 12

What is the definition of chlorophyll, and where does the chlorophyll perside?

Answer 12

• A pigment that absorbs light energy
• In the chloroplast

Question 13

What is a thylakoid?

Answer 13

• coin-shaped membrane that contains chlorophyll
• Location of light-dependent reactions of photosynthesis

Question 14

What is grana?

Answer 14

• stacks of thylakoids

Question 15

What is the stroma?

Answer 15

• fluid that surround the thylakoids
• Location of the light-independent reactions

Question 16

What does Light-dependent reactions need?

Answer 16

• needs light

Question 17

What does Light-independent reactions need?

Answer 17

• does not need water

Question 18

• Where do Light-dependent reactions take place?
• What goes in?
• What comes out?
• Where does the ATP and NADPH gp?

Answer 18

• In the thylakoids of the chloroplast
  -sunlight and water
• Oxygen, ATP, and NADPH
• To the light- independent reactions

Question 19

What happens overall in the light-dependent reactions?

Answer 19

• Chlorophyll absorbs energy from sunlight and is transferred to ATP and NADPH
• The water is split and oxygen is released

Question 20

• Where do light-independent reactions come from?
• What goes in?
• What comes out?

Answer 20

• The stroma of the chloroplast
• Carbon dioxide, (ATP and NADPH from light-dependent reactions)
• Glucose (ATP and NADPH goes back to thylakoid to be recycled in the light-dependent reactions)

Question 21

What overall happens in light-independent reactions?

Answer 21

• Carbon dioxide and energy from light-dependent reactions (ATP and NADPH) are used to make sugar glucose

Question 22

What is ATP and what is it used for?

Answer 22

• Adenosine triphosphate is the energy carrying molecule of cells
• used to power all types of cell processes

Question 23

How does ATP work?

Answer 23

• Energy that is stored in the chemical bonds of this molecule and to release the energy, you have to break the bonds

Question 24

How to make ATP?

Answer 24

• Aerobic - with oxygen
• Anaerobic - without oxygen

Question 25

- The definition of Cellular Respiration? - who does Cellular respiration? - Where does it take place?

Answer 25

- The main process that converts glucose into ATP - Plants, animals, and other eukaryotes - Mitochondria

Question 26

What is the formula for Cellular Respiration?

Answer 26

- C6H12O6 + 6O2 (Reactants) - ATP + 6CO2 + 6H2O (Products)

Question 27

- Where does glycolysis take place? - What goes in? - What comes out? - Is glycolysis aerobic or anaerobic?

Answer 27

- Cytoplasm - glucose - ATP, electrons, broken down glucose - anaerobic

Question 28

What happens overall in glycolysis?

Answer 28

- Glucose is broken down into 2 pieces (pyruvate) that either the krebs cycle or and a little ATP is made. Electrons go to ETC.

Question 29

What happens in the krebs cycle overall?

Answer 29

- The rest of the glucose is broken down and electrons that are extracted go to the ECT. A little ATP is made.

Question 29

- Where does the krebs cycle take place? - What goes in? - What comes out? - Is the krebs cycle aerobic or anaerobic?

Answer 29

- Mitocondria - broken down glucose - ATP, electrons - aerobic

Question 30

Where does the Electron Transport chain take place? - What goes in? - What comes out? Is it aerobic or anaerobic?

Answer 30

- Mitocondria - Electrons from glucose and oxygen - 32-34 ATP and water - aerobic

Question 31

What happens in the Electronic Transport Chain overall

Answer 31

- Energy is transferred to a chain of proteins in the inner membrane of the mitochondria. The proteins use the energy to pump (Active transport) hydrogen ions against the membrane. ATP is created and water is formed.