Unit 10 - Internet Flashcards
What is the internet?
The internet is a wide area network of several inter-connected networks around the world.
Define the main component of the internet.
The main component of the internet is the backbone. This is a set of several dedicated connections to connect large networks at various points in the globe.
Define an ISP.
An ISP is an internet service provider which provides internet access through a network to individual users.
What is the IP address?
IP (Internet Protocol) address is the address used to uniquely identify each device in a network. The IP address is often used to send data to its destination.
Describe the structuring of an IP address.
The IPv4 address is composed of 4 octet values (4 eight-bit quantities), each seperated by a full stop.
Give the components of an FQDN (Fully Qualified Domain Name).
- www. specifies the host of the webpage, which is the World Wide Web.
- websitename.co.uk is the domain name
Putting these 2 parts together creates an FQDN (Fully Qualified Domain Name)
What is a URL (Uniform Resource Locator)?
A URL is the component which specifies the location of resources as well as accessing the resource.
Give the structure of a URL.
Within a fully qualified domain name, the https:// at the start of the FQDN specifies that the resource will be in the form of a webpage. Also, the domain name that follows, is also the name of the resource. Combine these and you get a Uniform Resource Locator.
What is a Domain Name System?
DNS servers (Domain Name System) are dedicated computers with an index or list of domain names and their corresponding IP addresses.
What happens when you type a domain name into the a browser?
When you type a domain name into a browser, the computer makes a DNS request for the domain name, and the DNS server returns the IP address.
What happens when the IP address of a given domain is not known?
If the IP address of a given domain is unknown, then a request/query is sent and referred to a related domain name server that could know.
Define a firewall.
The firewall is a piece of software or hardware which controls access to and from a network.
What is a port?
A port is a numbered door opened only so certain traffic can pass through.
Describe packet filtering.
Network filtering occurs where a firefall checks the protocol of each packet of data, so an appropriate port is assigned for the traffic to pass through.
Within stateful inspection, which specific component of a packet is considered?
The payload of a packet of data is often examined during access to a network, rather than checking IP address or ports…
