Unit 10 - Immunity

Question 1

What is Tetanus? ( 1 )

Answer 1

-A serious disease that damages the nervous system, causing involuntary muscle contractions

Question 2

What organism causes Tetanus? ( 1 )

Answer 2

Bacteria toxins

Question 3

How do you get Tetanus? ( 1 )

Answer 3

-Due to Tetanus bacteria living in rusting metals, if you cut yourself with a rusty object it’s really likely that you’ll get infected.

Question 4

After how much time does the Tetanus vaccine’s effectiveness wear out? ( 1 )

Answer 4

5 years

Question 5

What are anti-toxins? And what type of immunity do they gove you? ( 2 )

Answer 5

• A type of antibody that is injected to help your immune system defend against infections.
• Passive immunity

Question 6

Why do babies have passive immunity? ( 2 )

Answer 6

• Because antibodies that the baby doesn’t produce travel across the placenta from the maternal blood to the fetal blood.
• They also gain antibodies ( for passive immunity ) from breast milk

Question 7

What’s the main downside to having antibodies received as passive immunity? ( 1 )

Answer 7

They only last a couple of weeks

Question 8

What does the baby’s immune system do to the maternal antibodies? ( 2 )

Answer 8

• It treats them as foreign, and destroys them

- Before being destroyed they provide the baby with passive immunity

Question 9

Why is active immunitty uneffective against snake venom? ( 1 )

Answer 9

-it responds too slow to protect our bodies from it

Question 10

How is antivenom created? ( 4 )

Answer 10

1-An animal is passed through immunization of the venom
2-Anti-venom antibody is collected from animal
3-antivenom is separated and purified
4-plasma is separated

Question 11

What is an autoimmune disease? Give an example of one ( 2 )

Answer 11

• It’s a disease that involves the body attacking itself

- Diabetes

Question 12

How is type 1 diabetes caused? ( 2 )

Answer 12

• When the immune system attacks and destroys pancreatic insulin-producing cells
• Which usually occurs before the age of 20

Question 13

What does insulin usually do ( in your body )? ( 1 )

Answer 13

-It helps your body store glucose as glycogen in your liver

Question 14

What would happen if your body had no insulin? ( 2 )

Answer 14

• Without insulin, the storage of glucose ( as glycogen ) is not `possible
• No glucose would be released in times when your body needs it

Question 15

What are the symptoms of diabetes? ( 3 )

Answer 15

• WEIGHT LOSS: body uses up fat and protein as source of energy instead of glucose
• THIRST: increased blood sugar levels lowers water potential in blood
• TIREDNESS: between meals, glucose would be released from glycogen to provide energy, but doesn’t, and so you’d be tired