Unit 10: Great Patriotic War

Question 1

Stalin’s speech (GPW)

Answer 1

During the war, the propaganda tried to promote patriotism. Stalin addressed the Russian people in a speech by, “Comrades, brothers and sisters” to build a bond within his people, realising that the people would fight for their homelands rather than for Communism. The Soviet willingness to sacrifice acted as a great strength to the country.

Question 2

Order 227

Answer 2

Order 227 said that men were to fight to defend their position to their last, and retreat would be an enemy to Russia. Soldiers who retreated received punishments such as being shot. This harshness promoted a sense of fear within soldiers for them to be more willing to fulfil dangerous orders, and stay in the army rather than desert. Overcame military weaknesses

Question 3

Lend Lease

Answer 3

However, war resources were not only made by the Soviet industries, but help was also given by external forces. Lend-lease aid from the USA, Britain and Canada was crucial in supplying the Red Army, and they were given food supplies, war materials and weapons. A great proportion of Soviet supplies came from abroad.

Question 4

Stalin key move

Answer 4

Stalin made a key move in 1941 where he choose to remain in the city in Moscow despite dangers. He demonstrated leadership in desperate times, influencing public opinion and boosting morale to fight.

Question 5

stalin letting generals take over

Answer 5

Unlike Hitler, Stalin was able to let go of main control and army strategies, allowing his more experienced generals to take over. This helped drive the war to a better direction after the generals took over, and more efficient plans against the Germans were made.

Question 6

Sakwa- GPW historiography

Answer 6

mentions how Stalin “appealed to Russian pride rather than Marxism or Leninism” which drove more of the soldiers to fight- believing the fate if their country in their hands.

Question 7

Glanz GPW historiography

Answer 7

Glanz argues that patriotism was more important than Red Army discipline. Whilst the soldiers faced genuine gears of the strict measures, the army mostly fought and endured for patriotism. The loyalty for their country became the foundation for their motivation.

Question 8

Laver GPW historiography

Answer 8

John Laver notes of the suitability of Russia economically to the demands of the total war, and how their decisions were important in allowing victory.

Question 9

Overy GPW historiography

Answer 9

Overy states how “at least part of the answer [to Soviet Victory] must lie with Stalin” as he credits crucial decisions.

Question 10

Volkognov GPW historiography

Answer 10

Even critic historian Volkognov describes it as a, “bold and far sighted move” and credits Stalin’s leadership as a great strength.

Question 11

Hosking GPW historiography

Answer 11

stresses that productivity was impressive in terms of military output