Unit 10

Question 1

Know the 5 types of sensory receptors and their sensitivities.

Answer 1

1.)Mechanoreceptors:
These receptors detect mechanical forces like touch, pressure, vibration, and sound.

2.Thermoreceptors:
These receptors detect changes in temperature, both hot and cold.

3.Nociceptors:
These receptors detect pain, signaling potential or actual tissue damage.

4. Chemoreceptors:
   These receptors detect chemicals, including those in the environment and in the body.

5.Photoreceptors:
These receptors detect light, allowing us to see.

Question 2

Sensation

Answer 2

This is the process by which our sensory organs (like eyes, ears, nose, tongue, and skin) detect stimuli from the environment and convert them into neural signals.

Question 3

Perception

Answer 3

This is the process by which the brain organizes, interprets, and makes sense of the sensory information received

Question 4

Projection

Answer 4

This is a psychological defense mechanism where individuals attribute their own unacceptable thoughts, feelings, or behaviors to others

Question 5

Sensory Adaptation

Answer 5

This occurs when our senses become less sensitive to a constant stimulus over time

Question 6

Merkel’s Disks

Answer 6

These are slow-adapting receptors located in the epidermis and dermis, responsible for detecting light touch, pressure, and texture.

Question 7

Meissner’s Corpuscles

Answer 7

These are rapidly-adapting receptors found in the upper dermis, primarily in glabrous skin (like fingertips and eyelids), and are sensitive to light touch, low-frequency vibrations, and fine textures.

Question 8

Pacinian Corpuscles

Answer 8

These are rapidly-adapting receptors located deep in the dermis and other tissues, and are highly sensitive to deep pressure, high-frequency vibrations, and transient touches

Question 9

What is special about the condition of synesthesia?

Answer 9

causes sensory crossovers, such as tasting colors or feeling sounds.

Question 10

Outer ear

Answer 10

Pinna (Auricle): The visible part of the ear that collects sound waves.
Ear Canal (External Auditory Canal): A tube that funnels sound waves towards the eardrum.
Tympanic Membrane (Eardrum): A thin membrane that vibrates when struck by sound waves, separating the outer and middle ear.

Question 11

Middle Ear

Answer 11

Ossicles:
Three tiny bones (malleus (hammer), incus (anvil), and stapes (stirrup)) that amplify vibrations and transmit them to the inner ear.
Eustachian Tube:
A tube that connects the middle ear to the back of the throat, helping to equalize air pressure

Question 12

Inner Ear

Answer 12

Cochlea: A spiral-shaped, fluid-filled organ that converts vibrations into electrical signals.
Vestibular System: Structures (vestibule and semicircular canals) that help maintain balance.
Auditory Nerve: Transmits electrical signals from the cochlea to the brain for interpretation as sound

Question 13

Difference between static and dynamic equilibrium.

Answer 13

Static equilibrium senses head position relative to gravity, while dynamic equilibrium detects rotational or angular movement.

Question 14

Define accommodation

Answer 14

the eye’s extraordinary ability to modify the focal length of the lens by changing the curvature of the eye lens

Question 15

Photoreceptors work.

Answer 15

Photoreceptors, specifically rods and cones, convert light into electrical signals in the retina, which are then transmitted to the brain for vision