unit 10 Flashcards
general properties of acids
sour taste
able to dissolve many metals and neutralize bases
general properties of bases
bitter taste
slippery feel
ability to neutralize acids
Arrhenius definition of acid
a substance that produces H+ ions in solution
arrhenius definition of base
substance that produces OH- ions in solution
acids and bases combine to form
H2O and a salt
Bronsted-Lowry definition of Acids and Bases
acids (proton donors) and bases (proton acceptor s) always occur together in an acid-base reaction
conjugate acid-base pair
2 substances related to each other by the transfer of a proton
conjugate acid
any base to which a proton has been added
conjugate base
any acid from which a proton has been removed
strength of acids and bases proportion
inversely proportional
(stronger acid, weaker base and vice versa)
modern definition of acid
any compound having one or more hydrogen atoms that are weakly bound to the rest of the molecule. when dissolved in water, H+ ions ionize from the rest of the molecule.
what is the first element usually written in an acid compound?
H
what happens to organic acids when they ionize?
-COOH —-} -COO- + H+
amphoteric
capable of reacting as an acid or base
binary acids
contain H and one other atom
in aq solns, the name of every binary acid starts with _ and ends with _
hydro-, -ic
HF
hydrofluoric acid
HCl
hydrochloric acid
HBr
hydrobromic acid
HI
hydroiodic acid
H2S
hydrosulfuric acid
polyatomic anion acid rules
-ending of polyatomic anion name is changed, word acid is added
-if the polyatomic anion ends in -ate, it’s changed to -ic
-if the ending is -ite, its changed to -ous
sulfate changes to
sulfuric acid
sulfite changes to
sulfurous acid