Unit 1 Vocabulary

Question 1

peasants

Answer 1

poor farmers with low social status

Question 2

merchants

Answer 2

traders with low social status

Question 3

Black Death

Answer 3

a pandemic in Europe/Asia
mortality rate: 50-60%
killed 75-200 million people
wiped out 25-50% of Europe’s population

Question 4

bubonic plague

Answer 4

a bacterial disease that is responsible for the pandemic in Medieval Europe and Asia

Question 5

pogrom

Answer 5

an organized massacre of a particular ethnic group

Question 6

guild

Answer 6

an organization of peasants or merchants that oversaw trade in a certain area

Question 7

Council of Ten

Answer 7

part of government in Venice, considered to be the best government of its time

Question 8

Third Estate

Answer 8

the French parliament class of middle and low class

Question 9

War of the Roses

Answer 9

civil war in England over control of the English throne

Question 10

Treaty of Troyes

Answer 10

Henry V recognized as heir to French throne after French defeat in 1420

Question 11

Peace of Bretigny

Answer 11

French pay England ransom for King, English king gives up claims to French throne

Question 12

condottieri

Answer 12

Italian captains of soldiers

Question 13

serfdom

Answer 13

peasants worked for lords as debt

Question 14

secular

Answer 14

not having to do with religion

Question 15

cardinals

Answer 15

council that elects Pope

Question 16

Council of Piza

Answer 16

council that attempted to end the Great Schism by electing Alexander V

Question 17

conciliarism

Answer 17

the idea that church had no authority over secular matters, and central power in the church lies with a council and not the Pope

Question 18

mysticism

Answer 18

claims of seeing God

Question 19

modern devotion

Answer 19

the idea that imitating Jesus in serving others will lead to mysticism

Question 20

Unam Sanctum

Answer 20

document that stated that the Pope had authority over secular rulers

Question 21

Peace of Lodi

Answer 21

alliance between all Italian states

Question 22

humanism

Answer 22

the idea of improving one’s individual through secular studies of literature, history, art, and philosophy

Question 23

scutage

Answer 23

money paid by a vassal to a lord instead of serving