Unit 1 Vocabulary Flashcards
peasants
poor farmers with low social status
merchants
traders with low social status
Black Death
a pandemic in Europe/Asia
mortality rate: 50-60%
killed 75-200 million people
wiped out 25-50% of Europe’s population
bubonic plague
a bacterial disease that is responsible for the pandemic in Medieval Europe and Asia
pogrom
an organized massacre of a particular ethnic group
guild
an organization of peasants or merchants that oversaw trade in a certain area
Council of Ten
part of government in Venice, considered to be the best government of its time
Third Estate
the French parliament class of middle and low class
War of the Roses
civil war in England over control of the English throne
Treaty of Troyes
Henry V recognized as heir to French throne after French defeat in 1420
Peace of Bretigny
French pay England ransom for King, English king gives up claims to French throne
condottieri
Italian captains of soldiers
serfdom
peasants worked for lords as debt
secular
not having to do with religion
cardinals
council that elects Pope
Council of Piza
council that attempted to end the Great Schism by electing Alexander V
conciliarism
the idea that church had no authority over secular matters, and central power in the church lies with a council and not the Pope
mysticism
claims of seeing God
modern devotion
the idea that imitating Jesus in serving others will lead to mysticism
Unam Sanctum
document that stated that the Pope had authority over secular rulers
Peace of Lodi
alliance between all Italian states
humanism
the idea of improving one’s individual through secular studies of literature, history, art, and philosophy
scutage
money paid by a vassal to a lord instead of serving
