Unit 1 Vocabulary Flashcards
rhetoric
the art of persuasion
argument
A claim or assertion supported by reasons with the goal of persuading others
counter-argument
A claim or assertion supported by reasons that opposes another claim.
concession
in argumentation, a thing that is granted or acknowledged to the other party
context
the circumstances that surround an event or text; can be historical, argument history, setting, speakers, audience, etc.
assumption
A thing that is accepted as true without proof or evidence.
refutation
an argument or evidence that helps establish something as false
persuasion
the act or action of getting someone to do or believe something
Aristotelian Triangle
A shape that shows the relationship between speaker, audience, and purpose.
analysis
The detailed examination of elements or the structure of something typically for discussion or interpretation
an opinion vs. a position
the difference between supporting conclusions with evidence and proofs
ethos
in argumentation, an appeal to the credibility or morality of a person
logos
in argumentation, an appeal to reason
pathos
In argumentation, an appeal to emotions
persona
the aspect of someone’s character or personality that is presented to an audience
tone
the general attitude or character of a text
denotation
the dictionary definition of a word; its literal definition
connotation
the surrounding emotional connections of a word
narration
the action or process of telling a story
sequence
the particular order of events, ideas, things, etc.
chronology
the sequencing of events in order of time of occurrence
subjective
when a topic is based or influenced by personal feelings, tastes, or opinions
objective
when a topic is impartial and attempts to limit personal feelings, tastes, or opinions
induction
A logical way of thinking where one generalizes from particular instances
deduction
A logical way of thinking where one takes particular instances and draws conclusions
style
the particular diction, syntax, sentence length, sentence types, etc. of writing
diction
word choice
syntax
the arrangement of words in a sentence
metaphor
the comparison of one thing to another thing
simile
a type of metaphor that uses the words “like” or “as”
personification
a type of figurative language that gives non-human things human characteritics
hyperbole
exaggeration
aphorism
a pithy observation that contains a general truth; a maxim or saying. “If it ain’t broke, don’t fix it.”
juxtaposition
the process of placing elements side by side to illustrate an idea
antithesis
an idea that is direct opposition of another idea
oxymoron
a figure of speech where two apparent contradictory terms appear in conjunction “jumbo shrimp”
metonymy
the substitution of a characteristic or attribute for the entire thing “Referring to a businessman as a “suit””
anaphora
the repetition of words or phrases “I believe … I believe … I believe ….”
rhetorical sentence
a sentence that is used to advance or establish an argument
hortative sentence
a sentence that urges, exhorts, urges, entreats, or implores a person to take a particular action. “Come with me, I’ll tell you a story.” “We must act now.”
imperative sentence
a sentence that gives an order to someone “Get down from there”
cumulative (loose) sentence
A sentence that begins with a main clause and is followed by subordinate clauses that elaborate upon the main clause
periodic sentence
A fragment or incomplete sentence
inversion (word order)
the reversal of the normal sentence structure (subject-verb-object)
imagery
concrete or figurative visual pictures in text
allusion
a reference to another text
parallellism
the use of successive verbal construction in a sentence “Nothing hard is easy. Nothing worth doing is fun. Nothing given is appreciated.”
