Unit 1 Vocab Review (Ch 1-4) Flashcards
AMA principles
A code of ethics for members of the American Medical Association, written in 1847
Bioethics
A discipline dealing with ethical implications of biomedical research and results, especially in medicine
Code of Ethics
A list of principles intended to govern behavior
Common Sense
Sound practical judgement
Compassion
The ability to have a gentle, caring attitude toward patients and fellow employees
Courtesy
The practice of good manners
Critical Thinking
The ability to think analytically using fewer emotions and more rationality
Defendant
The person or party against whom criminal or civil charges are brought in a lawsuit
Ethics
Standards of behavior developed as a result of one’s concept of right and wrong
Ethics Committee
Committee made up of individuals involved in a patients care – health care practitioners, family members, clergy and others with the purpose of reviewing ethical issues in difficult cases
Ethics Guidelines
Publications that detail a wide variety of ethical situations that professionals might face in their work and offer principles for dealing with the situations in an ethical manner
Fraud
Dishonest or deceitful practices in depriving or attempting to deprive one of his or her rights
Healthcare Practitioners
Those trained to administer medical or health care to patients
Hippocratic Oath
A pledge for physicians developed by the Greek physician Hippocrates about 400 BCE
Law
Rule or action prescribed by a government authority that has a binding legal force
Liable
Legally responsible or obligated
Litigious
Prone to engage in lawsuits
Medical Ethicists
Specialists who consult with physicians, researchers and others to help them make difficult ethical decisions regarding patient care
Moral Values
One’s personal concept of right and wrong, formed through influence of family, culture and society
Plaintiff
The person bringing charges in a lawsuit
Precedent
Decisions made by judges in various courts that become rule of law and apply to future cases, even though they are not enacted by a legislature
Protocol
A code prescribing correct behavior in a specific situation, such as that arising in a medical office
Summary Judgement
A decision made by a court in a lawsuit in response to a motion that pleads there is no basis for a trial
Autonomy
The capacity (competence) to be one’s own person and make one’s own decisions without being manipulated by external forces
Beneficence
Acts performed by a health care practitioner to help people stay healthy or recover from illness
Categorical Imperative
A rule that is considered universal law binding on everyone and requiring action
Confidentiality
Keeping medical information strictly private
Deontological or Duty-Oriented Theory
Decision making theory that states that the rightness or wrongness of the act depends on the intrinsic nature and not the outcome of the act
Justice
Providing to an individual what is his or her due
Needs Based Motivation
The theory that human behavior is based on specific human needs that must be met in a specific order. Abraham Maslow is the best known psychologist for this theory.
Nonmaleficence
The duty to do no harm
Patient Incompetence
Individuals who cannot exercise the right to choose or refuse treatment, and require another individual to make decisions on their behalf.
Principle of Utility
Used in utilitarianism; requires that the rule used making a decision must bring about positive results when generalized to a wide variety of conditions
Role Fidelity
Being faithful to the scope of the services for which you are licensed, certified or registered
Teleological or Consequence Oriented Theory
Decision making theory that judges the rightness or wrongness based on the outcomes or predicted outcomes
Utilitarianism
A consequence oriented theory that states that decisions should be made by determining what results will produce the best outcome for the most people
Veracity
Truth telling
Virtue Ethics
The theory that people who have moral virtues will make the right decision
Accountable Care Organization (ACO)
A health care payment and delivery model that could reward doctors and hospitals for controlling costs and improving patient outcomes by allowing them to keep a portion of what they save if standards of quality are met.
Accreditation
Official authorization or approval for conforming to a specified standard
Allopathic
Medical philosophy that dictates training physicians to intervene in the disease process through the use of drugs and surgery
Certification
A voluntary credentialing process whereby applicants who meet specific requirements may receive a certificate
Exclusive Provider Organization (EPO)
A managed care plan that pays for health care services only within the plan’s network of physicians, specialists, and hospitals (except in emergencies)
Group Practice
A medical management system in which 3 or more licensed physicians share the collective income, expenses, facilities, equipment, records and personnel for the business
Health Care Education and Reconciliation Act (HCERA)
Federal law enacted in 2010 that added to regulations imposed on the insurance industry by PPACA
Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act (HIPAA)
A federal statute passed in 1996 that helps workers keep continuous health coverage for themselves and their dependents when they change jobs, protects confidential medical information from unauthorized disclosure or use and helps curb rising cost of fraud and abuse
Health Maintenance Organization (HMO)
A health plan that combines coverage or health care costs and delivery of health care for a prepaid premium
Health Savings Account (HSA)
Accounts offered to individuals covered by high deductible health plans that allow them to save money tax free to pay for medical expenses.
Independent or Individual Practice Association (IPA)
A type of HMO that contracts with groups of physicians who practice in their own offices and receive a per member payment from participating HMOs to provide a full range of health services for members
Licensure
A mandatory credentialing process established by law, usually at the state level that grants the right to practice certain skills and endeavors.
Managed Care
A system in which financing, administration and delivery of health care are combined to provide medical services to subscribers for a prepaid fee.
A corporation offering managed care is known as a Managed Care Organization (MCO)
Medical Boards
Bodies established by the authority of each state’s medical practice acts for the purpose of protecting the health, safety and welfare of health care consumers through proper licensing and regulation of physicians and other health care practitioners.
Medical Practice Acts
State laws written for the express purpose of governing the practice of medicine.
Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act (PPACA)
A network of independent physicians, hospitals and other health care providers who contract with an insurance carrier to provide medical care at a discount rate to patients who are part of the insurer’s plan.
Physician Hospital Organization (PHO)
A health plan in which physicians join with hospitals to provide a medical care delivery system and then contract for insurance with a commercial carrier or HMO
Preferred Provider Organization/Association (PPO/PPA)
A network of independent physicians, hospitals and other health care providers who contract with an insurance company to provide medical care to a discount rate to patients who are part of the insurer’s plan
Primary Care Physician (PCP)
The physician responsible for directing all of a patient’s medical care and determining whether a patient should be referred for specialty care
Professional Corporation
A body formed and authorized by law to act as a single person.
Reciprocity
The process by which a professional license obtained in one state may be accepted as valid in other states by prior agreement.
Registration
A credentialing procedure whereby one’s name is listed on a register as having paid a fee and/or met certain criteria within a profession.
Sole Proprietorship
A form of medical practice management in which a physician practices alone, assuming all benefits and liabilities for the business.
Administrative Law
Enabling statutes enacted to define powers and procedures when an agency is created.
Breach of Contract
Failure of either party to comply with the terms of a legally binding contract.
Case Law
Law established through common law and legal precedent.
Civil Law
Law that involves wrong acts against persons.
Common Law
The body of unwritten law developed in England primarily from judicial decisions based on custom and tradition.
Constitutional Law
Law that derives from federal and state constitutions.
Contract
A voluntary agreement between two parties in which specific promises are made for a consideration.
Criminal Law
Law that involves crimes against the state
Defendant
The person or party against whom charges are brought in a criminal or civil lawsuit.
Executive Order
A rule or regulation issued by the president of the United States that becomes law without prior approval of Congress.
Felony
An offense punishable by death or imprisonment in a state or federal prison for more than one year.
Jurisdiction
The power of a court to see and hear a case before it.
Law of Agency
The law that governs the relationship between a principal and his or her agent.
Legal Precedents
Decisions made by judges in various courts that become rule of law and apply to future cases, even though they were not enacted by legislation.
Minor
Anyone under the age of majority (18-21 depending on the state)
Misdemeanor
A crime punishable by fine or imprisonment in a facility other than a prison for less than one year.
Negligence
An unintentional tort alleged when one may have performed or failed to perform an act that a reasonable person would or would not have done under similar circumstances.
Plaintiff
The person bringing charges in a lawsuit.
Procedural Law
Law that defines the rules used to enforce substantive law.
Prosecution
The government as plaintiff in a criminal case.
Statute of Frauds
State legislation governing written contracts.
Statutory Law
Law passed by the congress of state legislatures.
Substantive Law
The statutory or written law that defines and regulates legal rights and obligations.
Tort
A civil wrong committed against a person or property, excluding breach of contract.
Tortfeasor
A person guilty of committing a tort.
Void
Without legal force or effect.
