Unit 1 Vocab: Atomic Structure And Properties

Question 1

Molar Mass (g/mol)

Answer 1

The sum of the total mass in grams of all atoms that make up a mole of a substance

Question 2

Fórmula Mass (amu)

Answer 2

The sum of average atomic masses of each atom represented in a chemical formula

Question 3

Avogrados number

Answer 3

6.002x10^23 particles/mol. The number of atoms or molecules in one mole of a substance

Question 4

Mass spectroscopy

Answer 4

An analytical tool useful for measuring the mass-to-charge ration (m/z) of one or more molecules present in a sample

Question 5

Isotope

Answer 5

Atoms with the same number of protons but different number of neutrons in their nuclei. They have a different relative atomic mass but not chemical properties

Question 6

Elemental composition

Answer 6

Specifies the identity, arrangement, and ratio of chemical elements making up a substance

Question 7

Molecular formula

Answer 7

Tells which atoms and how many of each type of atom are present in a substance (actual ratio of elements)

Question 8

Empirical formula

Answer 8

A chemical formula showing the simplest ratio of elements present in a compound (simplified subscripts)

Question 9

Hydrate

Answer 9

A substance that contains water molecules within its structure
Ex: Na₂SO₄ • 10H₂O

Question 10

Combustión

Answer 10

A type of chemical reaction in which a substance burns in the presence of oxygen giving off heat and light in the process
Ex: Fuel (CₓHᵧ) + O₂ (g) ➝ CO₂ (g) + H₂O (g)

Question 11

Mixtures

Answer 11

A material made up of two or more different chemical substance which can be seperated by physical method
○ Homogenous mixtures and Heterogeneous mixtures

Question 12

Puré substances

Answer 12

a unique form of matter with constant chemical composition and distinct chemical properties that cannot be broken down through physical methods.
○ Elements and Compounds

Question 13

Electron configuration

Answer 13

the arrangement of electrons in orbitals around an atomic nucleus.
○ Full configuration of phosphorous is 1s² 2s² 2p⁶ 3s² 3p³
○ Noble gas abbreviation of phosphorus is [Ne] 3s² 3p³

Question 14

Orbital diagrams

Answer 14

a type of notation which illustrates an atom’s electron distribution and electron spin within orbitals

Question 15

Ground state

Answer 15

the lowest allowed energy state of an atom, molecule, or ion.

Question 16

Excited state

Answer 16

when an electron temporarily occupies an energy state greater than its ground state.

Question 17

Paired electron

Answer 17

two electrons that occupy the same
excited state
orbital but have opposite spins.

Question 18

Unpaired electron

Answer 18

an electron that occupies an
orbital of an atom singly, rather than part of an electron pair.

Question 19

Coulomb’s law

Answer 19

describes the strength of the electrostatic force (attraction or repulsion) between two charged objects.

Question 20

Coulomb’s law

Answer 20

describes the strength of the electrostatic force (attraction or repulsion) between two charged objects.

Question 21

Photoelectronic spectroscopy (PES)

Answer 21

the energy measurement of photoelectrons emitted from solids, liquids, or gases by the photoelectric effect.

Question 22

Atomic radius

Answer 22

the total distance from an atom’s nucleus to the outermost shell of the atom.

Question 23

Atomic radius

Answer 23

the total distance from an atom’s nucleus to the outermost shell of the atom.

Question 24

Ionization energy

Answer 24

the amount of energy required to remove an electron from an isolated atom.
○ increases up and right

Question 25

Electronegativity

Answer 25

the measure of the tendency of an atom to attract a bonding pair of electrons.
○ increases up and right

Question 26

Electron affinity

Answer 26

the potential energy change of the atom when an electron is added to a neutral gaseous atom to form a negative ion.
○ increases up and right

Question 27

Valence electrons

Answer 27

electrons in the outermost shell of an atom and that can participate in the formation of a chemical bond

Question 28

Ion charges

Answer 28

the electrical charge of an ion, created by the gain (negative charge) or loss (positive charge) of one or more electrons.

Question 29

Ion charges

Answer 29

the electrical charge of an ion, created by the gain (negative charge) or loss (positive charge) of one or more electrons.

Question 30

Ionic compound

Answer 30

a type of chemical compound where the oppositely-charged ions of a metal and a nonmetal are attracted to each other to form an ionic bond.