Unit 1 Vocab. Flashcards
Electronegativity
The ability of an atom to attract electrons to itself in a covalent bond.
Valence shell
The group of orbitals, filled and unfilled, responsible for the characteristic chemical properties of an atom.
Polar covalent bond
A covalent bond between two atoms with significantly different electronegativities, resulting in an uneven distribution of electron density.
Ionic bond
A chemical bond formed between two oppositely charged ions, generally a metallic cation and a nonmetallic anion, that are attracted to one another by electrostatic forces.
Anion
A negatively charged ion
Cation
A positively charged ion.
Hydrogen bond
A strong dipole-dipole attractive force between a hydrogen bonded to O,N, or F and one of these electronegative atoms on a neighboring molecule.
Acid
A molecular compound that is able to donate an H+ ion (proton) when dissolved in water, thereby increasing the concentration of H+
Buffer
A solution containing significant amounts of both a weak acid and its conjugate base (or a weak base and its conjugate acid) that resists pH change by neutralizing added acid or added base
Hydrolysis
The splitting of a chemical bond with water, resulting in the addition of H and OH to the products
Heat
The flow of energy caused by a temp. difference
Kinetic energy
The energy associated with motion of an object
Structural (constitutional) isomer
Isomers that differ in respect to the order in which the atoms are connected
Carboxyl group
A chemical group present in organic acids and consisting of a single carbon atom double-bonded to an oxygen atom and also bonded to a hydroxyl group
Amino group
A chemical group consisting of a nitrogen atom bonded to 2 hydrogen atoms; can act as a base in solution, accepting a hydrogen ion and acquiring a charge of 1+
Phosphate group
A chemical group consisting of a phosphorus atom bonded to 4 oxygen atom; important in energy transfer
Sulfhydryl group
A chemical group consisting of a sulfer atom bonded to a hydrogen atom
Hydroxyl group
A chemical group consisting of an oxygen atom joined to a hydrogen atom. Molecules possessing this group are soluble in water and are called alcohols.
