Unit 1 vocab

Question 1

Hindsight Bias

Answer 1

The “I-knew-it-all-along” phenomenon

Question 2

Overconfidence

Answer 2

we tend to think more than we do

Question 3

Critical Thinking

Answer 3

thinking that does not blindly accept arguments and conclusion

Question 4

Theory

Answer 4

an explanation using an integrated set of principles that organizes and predicts observations

Question 5

Hypothesis

Answer 5

a tesstable prediction that is often implied by a theory

Question 6

Operational Definition

Answer 6

a statement of procedures(operations) used to determine research variables

Question 7

Replication

Answer 7

repeting the essence of a research study to see whether the basic finding generalizes to other participants and cicumstances

Question 8

Case Study

Answer 8

the study of one or more individuals in great depth in the hoope of revealonthings true of us all

Question 9

Survey

Answer 9

technique for ascertaining the self reported attitudes or behaviors of people; usu. by questioning a representative,random sample of people

Question 10

False Consensus Effect

Answer 10

tendency to overestimate the extent to which others share our beliefs and behaviors

Question 11

Population

Answer 11

all the cases in a group, from which samples may be drawn for a study

Question 12

Naturalistic Observation

Answer 12

observing and recording behavior in naturally occuring situations with out trying to manipulate and control the situation

Question 13

Random Sample

Answer 13

a sample that fairly represnts a population because each member has an equal chance of inclusion

Question 14

Correlation Coefficient

Answer 14

a statistical measure of the extent to which two factors vary together, and thus how well either factor prdicts the other

Question 15

Scatterplot

Answer 15

a graphed cluster of dots,each of which represents the values of two variables, high scatter means high correlation

Question 16

Ilusory Correlation

Answer 16

the perception of a relationship where none exists

Question 17

Experiment

Answer 17

an investigator maniputatesone or more factor(independent variables) to observe their effect on some behavior or mental process (the dependent variable)

Question 18

Placebo

Answer 18

an inert substance or condition that may be administered instad of a presumed active agent , such as a drug to see if it triggers the effects believed to characterize the active agent.

Question 19

Double-blind Procedure

Answer 19

both the research participants and the staff are ignorant about whther the research participants have received the treatment or a placebo