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AP Psychology > Unit 1 Vocab > Flashcards

Unit 1 Vocab Flashcards

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1
Q

Barnum Effect

A

The tendency to accept certain information as true, such as character assessments or photos

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2
Q

Perspectives

A

Specific approach to observing an understanding human behavior, which can contain various theories

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3
Q

Empirical Evidence

A

Information gathered directly or indirectly through observation or experimentation

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4
Q

Structuralism

A

Studied the basic elements of conscious experience, focused on introspection or looking inward. Interested in the question “what?” the mind structure

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5
Q

Functionalism

A

The mines function, focused on the functional purpose of a behavior interested in the question “why”

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6
Q

Basic Psychology

A

Scientific study of mind and behavior

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7
Q

Behaviorism

A

Study of observable behavior believes that feelings are inconsequential. All that matters is observable behavior.

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8
Q

Cognitive Psychology

A

The study of mental processes, such as occur when we perceive, learn, remember, think, communicate and solve problems

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9
Q

Psychology

A

Scientific study of behavior and mental processes

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10
Q

Applied Psychology

A

Study, inability to solve problems with human behavior, such as health issues, workplace issues, or education

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11
Q

Biological Research

A

One way to conceptualize and explain the human experience. Explains mental processes and behavior by focusing on the function of the nervous system at the cellular and structural level.

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12
Q

Socio-Cultural Perspective

A

Cross control patterns of attitudes and behavior

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13
Q

Evolutionary Psychology

A

The study of the evolution of behavior in the mind, using principles of natural selection

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14
Q

Psychodynamic (psychoanalytic) psychology

A

focused on the unconscious mind (Freud)

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15
Q

Humanistic Perspective

A

Unique aspects of the human experience

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16
Q

Developmental Psychology

A

A branch of psychology that studies, physical, cognitive and social change throughout the lifespan

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17
Q

Educational Psychology

A

The study of how psychological processes affect and can enhance teaching and learning

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18
Q

Personality Psychology

A

The study of individuals characteristic patterns of thinking feeling and acting

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19
Q

Social Psychology

A

Interpersonal behavior in the role of social forces and governing behavior; includes attitude, formation, prejudice, attraction, etc.

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20
Q

Applied Research

A

Scientific study that aims to solve practical problems

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21
Q

I/O

A

The application of psychological concepts and methods to optimizing human behavior in workplaces

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22
Q

Clinical Psychology

A

A branch of psychology that studies and treats people with psychological disorders

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23
Q

Psychiatry

A

A branch of medicine, dealing with psychological disorders; practice by physicians, who are licensed to provide medical treatments, as well as psychological therapy

24
Q

Hindsight Bias

A

The tendency to believe, after learning an outcome, that one would have foreseen it

25
Q

Overconfident

A

The tendency to be over confident

26
Q

Hypothesis

A

A testible prediction, often implied by a theory

27
Q

Sample

A

Method by which participants are selected to be included in a study

28
Q

Random Selection

A

Everyone in the group stance, and equal chance of being chosen to minimize any bias

29
Q

Operational Definition

A

Carefully worded statement of the exact procedures used in a research study

30
Q

Replication

A

repeating the essence of a research study, usually with different participants in different situations, to see whether the basic finding can be reproduced

31
Q

Case Study

A

A descriptive technique, in which one individual or group is studied in depth, in the hope of revealing principles

32
Q

Survey

A

A descriptive technique for obtaining the self reported attitudes or behaviors of a particular group, usually by questioning a representative of a group

33
Q

Naturalistic Observation

A

Descriptive technique of observing and recording behavior, and naturally occurring situations without trying to manipulate or control the situation

34
Q

Sampling Bias

A

A flawed sampling process that produces an unrepresentative example

35
Q

Population

A

All those in a grouping studied, from which samples may be drawn

36
Q

Random Selection

A

A sample that fairly represents a population because each member has an equal chance of inclusion

37
Q

Correlation

A

A measure of the extent to which two factors very together, less of how well either factor predicts the other

38
Q

Correlation Coefficient

A

A statistical in index of the relationship between two things

39
Q

Illusionary Correlation

A

Perceiving a relationship, or none exist, a perceiving a stronger than actual relationship

40
Q

Random Assignment

A

Assigning participants to experimental and control groups by chance, thus minimizing pre-existing differences between the different groups

41
Q

Double Blind Procedure

A

An experimental procedure in with both the research participants and the research staff are ignorant about whether the research participants receive the treatment or placebo

42
Q

Experimental Group

A

In an experiment, the group exposed to the treatment, that is, to one version of the independent variable

43
Q

Control Group

A

In an experiment, the group not exposed to the treatment; contrast with the experimental group, and serves as a comparison for evaluating the effect of the treatment

44
Q

Descriptive Statistics

A

numerical data used to measure, and describe characteristics of groups. Includes measures of central tendency and measures of variation.

45
Q

Standard Deviation

A

A computer measure of how much scores vary around the mean score

46
Q

Independent Variable

A

Any experiment, the factor that is manipulated; the variable whose effect is being studied

47
Q

Confounding Variable

A

A factor, other than the factor being studied, that might influence a studies results

48
Q

Dependent Variable

A

An experiment, the outcome that is measured; the variable may change, when the independent variable is manipulated

49
Q

Informed Consent

A

Giving potential participants enough information about a study to enable them to choose whether they wish to participate

50
Q

Debriefing

A

The post experimental explanation of a study, including its purpose in any deceptions to its participants

51
Q

Measures of Central Tendency

A

The mean, median, and mode of a sample

52
Q

Mean

A

The arithmetic average of a distribution, obtain by adding the scores, and then dividing by the number of scores

53
Q

Median

A

The middle source and distribution, half the scores are above it and half are below it

54
Q

Mode

A

The most frequently occurring scores in distribution

55
Q

Range

A

The difference between the highest and lowest scores in a distribution

56
Q

Positive Skewness

A

I distribution is positively skewed when its tail is more pronounced on the right side than it is on the left (+1)

57
Q

Negative Skewness

A

A longer tail on the left side of the distribution (-1)

AP Psychology (2 decks)

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