Unit 1 vocab Flashcards
Anything that takes up space and
has mass
Matter
Any substance that cannot be broken down to any other substance by chemical reactions
Element
A substance consisting of two or
more different elements combined in a fixed ratio
Compound
The smallest unit of matter that retains the properties of an element.
Atom
A subatomic particle having no electrical charge (electrically neutral), with a mass of about 1.7 * 10 - 24g, found in the nucleus of an atom.
Neutron
A subatomic particle with a
single positive electrical charge, with a mass of about 1.7 * 10 - 24g, found in the nucleus of an atom.
Proton
A subatomic particle with a single
negative electrical charge and a mass about 1/2,000 that of a neutron or proton. One or
more electrons move around the nucleus of an atom.
Electron
The number of protons in the
nucleus of an atom, unique for each element and designated by a subscript.
Atomic number
The total mass of an atom, numerically equivalent to the mass in grams of 1 mole of the atom. (For an element with more than one isotope, the atomic mass is the average mass of the naturally occurring isotopes, weighted by their abundance.)
Atomic mass
One of several atomic forms
of an element, each with the same number of protons but a different number of neutrons, thus differing in atomic mass.
Isotope
The capacity to cause change, especially to do work (to move matter against an opposing force).
Energy
The energy that matter
possesses as a result of its location or spatial arrangement (structure).
Potential energy
An energy level of electrons at
a characteristic average distance from the nucleus of an atom.
Electron shell
An electron in the outermost
electron shell.
Valence electron
the outermost energy shell of
an atom, containing the valence electrons involved in the chemical reactions of that atom.
Valence shell
A type of strong
chemical bond in which two atoms share one or more pairs of valence electrons.
Covalent bond
A type of weak chemical bond
that is formed when the slightly positive hydrogen atom of a polar covalent bond in one molecule is attracted to the slightly negative atom of a polar covalent bond in another molecule or in another region of the same molecule
Hydrogen bond
Two or more atoms held together by
covalent bonds.
Molecule
A type of molecular notation representing the quantity of constituent atoms, but not the nature of the bonds that join them
Molecular formula
The attraction of a given
atom for the electrons of a covalent bond.
Electronegativity
A negatively charged ion
Anion
A positively charged ion
Cation
A starting material in a chemical
reaction.
Reactant
A material resulting from a chemical
reaction.
Product
In a chemical reaction, the state in which the rate of the forward reaction equals the rate of the reverse reaction, so that the relative concentrations of the reactants and products do not change with time
Chemical equilibrium
