Unit 1 Vocab

Question 1

Computer

Answer 1

A machine that processes information

Question 2

Input

Answer 2

Information put into a computer (Ex: Typing on keys, speaking to a computer, etc.).

Question 3

Output

Answer 3

Information a computer displays based on its input (Ex: Screen display, playing noises, etc.).

Question 4

Storage

Answer 4

Where a computer stores data from the input, either temporarily or permanently.

Question 5

Processing

Answer 5

The steps a computer goes through to interpret what to do with the input.

Question 6

CPU

Answer 6

Central Processing Unit; the brains of the computer, executes all commands for the computer.

Question 7

GPU

Answer 7

Graphics Processing Unit; displays everything you see on the computer screen.

Question 8

Hard Drive

Answer 8

Your computer’s long term memory; storage space for all software (apps, files, programs, operating systems).

Question 9

RAM

Answer 9

Random Access Memory; your computer’s short term memory, temporary space for the CPU to work (functions like a desk).

Question 10

Motherboard

Answer 10

Your computer’s “nervous system”; the main circuit of the computer, allows communication between all parts of the computer.

Question 11

Hardware

Answer 11

Physical parts required for your computer to run.

Question 12

Software

Answer 12

A set of instructions that allows hardware to perform different tasks.

Question 13

Bit

Answer 13

1 singular unit of storage. In binary, 1011 is 4 bits.

Question 14

Byte

Answer 14

8 bits. (1101 0010)

Question 15

Decimal to Binary

Answer 15

Find the largest power of 2 that fits into your number, then subtract. Keep repeating until you hit 0. (36 would be 36 - 32 = 4, then 4 - 4 = 0. So it would be 0010 0100).

Question 16

Binary to Decimal

Answer 16

Count up in powers of 2 starting at 0, and add all of them up where there is a 1. (0001 1001 would be 16 + 8 +1, so it is 25).

Question 17

Overflow Error

Answer 17

An error from attempting to represent a number that is too large for the computer to handle.

Question 18

Round-off Error

Answer 18

An error from attempting to represent a number that is too precise, so the value ends up being rounded.

Question 19

ASCII Table

Answer 19

American Standard Code for Information Interchange; A universal table that all computers use to decipher what each character is. (On the ASCII Table, the letter A is 65).

Question 20

Abstraction

Answer 20

The process of getting rid of unnecessary detail.

Question 21

Pixel

Answer 21

Short for “Picture Element”; each pixel can display one color.

Question 22

Sampling Frequency

Answer 22

The amount of bit/information you can display while sampling. Higher frequency = more detail. Lower frequency = less detail.

Question 23

Analog Image

Answer 23

Data with values that change continuously over time. (Ex: music, colors of a painting, position of a sprinter during a race).

Question 24

Digital Image

Answer 24

Data that changes discreetly through a finite (limited) set of possible values.

Question 25

RLE

Answer 25

Run-length Encoding; form of lossless compression where the first value is the count of white or any set color, then the next number is the run. (Ex: 0, 6 would be 6 black pixels because it starts with 0 white pixels).

Question 26

Lossless Compression

Answer 26

A process for reducing the number of bits needed to represent something without losing any information. It IS reversible.

Question 27

Lossy Compression

Answer 27

A process for reducing the number of bits needed to represent something in which some information is lost or thrown away. It is NOT reversible.

Question 28

Intellectual Property

Answer 28

Creations of the mind, such as inventions, literary/artistic works, designs, symbols, names or images used in commerce.

Question 29

Copyright

Answer 29

The exclusive legal right to publish your idea and other people cannot steal your idea.

Question 30

Creative Commons (CC)

Answer 30

A public copyright license that a creator uses to declare how they want their artistic creations to be shared, remixed, used in noncommercial contexts, and how the policy should propagate with remixed versions.