Unit 1: Vocab #1 Flashcards

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1
Q

critical thinking

A

thinking that does not blindly accept arguments and conclusions; rather, it examines assumptions, appraises the source, discerns hidden biases, evaluates evidence, and assesses conclusions

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2
Q

empiricism

A

the idea that knowledge comes from experience, and that observation and experimentation enable scientific knowledge

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3
Q

structuralism

A

an early school of thought promoted by Wundt and Titchner; used introspection to reveal the structure of the human mind

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4
Q

introspection

A

the process of looking inward in an attempt to directly observe one’s own psychological processes

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5
Q

functionalism

A

an early school of thought promoted by James and influenced by Darwin; explored how mental and behavorial processes function; how they enable the organism to adapt, survive, and flourish

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6
Q

behaviorism

A

idea that behaviors are learned through interaction with the environment

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7
Q

humanistic psychology

A

a historically significant perspective that emphasized human growth potential

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8
Q

cognitive psychology

A

the study of mental processes, such as occur when we perceive, learn, remember, think, communicate, and solve problems

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9
Q

cognitive neuroscience

A

the interdisciplinary study of the brain activity linked with cognition (including perception, thinking, memory, and language)

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10
Q

psychology

A

the science of behavior and mental processes

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11
Q

nature-nuture issue

A

the longstanding controversy over the relative contributions that genes and experience make to the development of psychological traits and behaviors

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12
Q

natural selection

A

the principle that inherited traits that better enable an organism to survive and reproduce in a particular environment will (in competition with other trait variations) most likely be passed on to succeeding generations

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13
Q

evolutionary psychology

A

the study of the evolution of behavior and the mind, using principles of natural selection

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14
Q

behavior genetics

A

the study of the evolution and the mind, using principles of natural selection

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15
Q

culture

A

the enduring behaviors, ideas, attitudes, values, and traditions shared by a group of people and transmitted from one generation to the next

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16
Q

positive psychology

A

the scientific study of human flourishing, with the goals of discovering and promoting strengths and virtues that help individuals and communities to thrive

17
Q

biopsychosocial approach

A

an integrated approach that incorporates biological, psychological, and social-cultural viewpoints

18
Q

behavioral psychology

A

the scientific study of observable behavior, and its explanation by principles of learning