UNIT 1 & UNIT 2 Flashcards
Who Is Florence Nightngale?
1st Nursing Theorist
Lady With The Lamp
Who is the Lady with the lamp?
Florence Nightngale
What did Florence Nightngale Contribute?
Training Women for future work.
Sanitary Conditions (Like Washing Hands).
Reducing death rates for sick and injured.
Healthy diets (garden).
Cared for soliders.
Introducing that soliders needed some kind of light.
Steps in Nursing Ladder starting at LVN
LVN RN RN--->BSN RN---->MSN-->Practioner RN----->Doctorate-->PHD-->DNP
What are the Unique Nursing Skills?
give an example of each one
“ac3”
- Assessment Skills: Interviewing, observing,examing client and family.
- Caring Skills: ADLs.. Bathing, Ambulating, Feeding, anything that helps client go on with their ADLs.
- Counselling Skills: Active listening, offering health teaching/ education within nurses knowledge, emotonial support.
- Comforting Skills: Being a guide, supportive, compasionate. Anything to make patient feel comfort.
What is EMPATHY?
Give Example
Aware of what the client is feeling
What is SYMPATHY?
Give Example
Feeling as emotionally ditraught as the patient.
Define Health.
A state of complete physical, mental, and social well- being.
Define Wellness.
Full balanced integration of all aspects of health
Define Holism.
Sum of physical, emotional,social,and spritual health.
Maslow’s Hiearchy of Human Needs
Self Actualization Esteem/Self Esteem Love/Belonging Saftey/ Security Physiologic Needs
List order of how nurses priorities for patient care.
Physiological Needs
Safety and Security
Esteem and Self Esteem
Self Actualization
How is Maslows Hierarchy used in Nursing?
By prioritizing the patients care
Define Illness.
State of being unhealthy
Define Morbidity.
Inciedence of a specific diease, disorder, or injury: refers to the rate of which people were affected.
Define Mortality.
Inciedence of deaths; Denotes number of people who died from paticular diease/condition.
- Thing MORTality as in MORTicion - Mortality is related with death mortition specializes in taking care of client after death*
Define Acute.
Comes Suddenly
Define Chronic.
Comes Slowly/ Long Lasting
Define Terminal.
No potential for a cure.
Define Primary.
One that develops indapendently of any other diease
Define Secondary.
Diease that develops from a preexisting condition
Define Remission.
Dissaperance of signs and symptoms
Define Exacerbation
Reactivation of a disorder or one that revert from a chronic to an acute state.
Define Hereditary.
Aquired from genetics/ codes of both or one parent.
Define Congenital.
Those that present at birth/ result of a faulty embryotic development.
- when you think of conGENITAL think of GENITAL (haha) birth happens from womans genital area so a conGential illness would be one that happened at birth*
Define Idiopathic
An illness of an unknown cause.
Define Homeostasis
Relatively stable state of physical equilibrium
What are the 4 types of stressors?
Physiological
Psychologic
Spritual
Social
Explain the the 4 types of stressors.
Physiological- affects body
Psychologic- Plays with head
Spirtual- Death, Sin, Guilt
Social- Pandemic, Lockdown, Wheather changes
Define Adaption
Response of an organism to change
What is a Neurotransmitter?
Chemical messangers synthesized with neurons
What are some examples of Neurotransmitters?
serotonin
dopamine
epinephrine
norepinephrine
What does the Sympathetic Nervous System do?
Prepares body for fight or flight
What does the Parasympathetic Nervous System do?
Restores equilibrium after danger is no longer aparent
Which system does fight or flight happen in?
Parasympathetic Nervous System
What is G.A.S?
General Apdataion Syndrom
* Hans Selye has Gas*
What are the four categories of clients needs?
- Safe/ Effetive enviorment
- Health Promotion/ Maitenance
- Psychosocial Integrity
- Physiologic Integrity
What are the Four Nursing Roles?
* With all these roles I…*
Caregiver
Educator
Collaborator
Dellagator
Define each of the Four Nursing Roles.
- Caregiver/ preforms health related activities clinents cant perform indepenfently.
- Educator/ One who provides education, only on knowledge basis
- Collaborator/ One who works with others
- Dellagator/ One who assigns a task to someone. * You are still responsible for the task you delagated.
Phases of Nurse client Relationship.
what you do during a shift in order
Introductory
Working
Terminating
BARRIERS to a Therapeutic Nurse Client Relationship
Appearing unkept failing to identify one self (verbally) Miss pronoucing clinets name avoiding clients name using clients first name without permission sharing personal problems or information using crude or distastful launge recealing confidential information abondaning client failing to keep promise
Define Communication.
An exchange of information.
Define Verbal Communication
Communication that uses words
Define Therapeutic
Ecourging expression and Feeling
What are some therapeutic communication techniques
Broad opening Paraphrasing Direct Questioning Giving Information Open Ended Questions Summarizing Silence
What is the role of listening in communication?
Active Listening
What role does silence play in communication?
It encourges patient to partcipate in verbal discussion
Define Kinesics
Body Lauguage
-Noverbal Techs.
~ Facial Expressinons, Posture, Gestures,Body Movement
Define Paralanguage
Vocal Sounds
-Not words
~Deep Breath, whistling, crying, laughing, moaning
Define Proxemics
Space to communicate
- Intimate ~6inches
- Personal~6inches-4ft
- Social~4-12 ft
- Public~ +12 ft
What role does touch play in communication
To communicate caring and support
How would you communicate with a verbally impaired client?
Provide a paper and pencil or a white board and marker
How would you communicate with a deaf client?
ASL or video chat with an interpotour
How would you communicate with a patient with Alzheimers disease?
- Gain attention by approaching them from the front and using their name
- smiling to convey friendliness
- maintain eye-to-eye contact
To be an effective teacher, the nurse must first assess
Perrferred learning style Age and Development Levels Capacity to learn Motivation Learning Readiness Learning Needs
What are some things that will affect the clients ability to learn?
The capaticy to learn
- itelectual ability
- illiteracy
- sensory deficts
- cultural dffrences
- shortended attention span, and lack of motivation and readiness require special adaptation
What are microorganisms?
Living plants or animals only visipble through a microscope.
Define Nonpathogens.
Harmless/ beneficial
What are pathogens?
Cause an illness
Diease that can be transmitted to other people is a ?
Communicable Disease
AKA Contagious Disease and Community- aquired infection
Define Virulence
The extent of dangerousness of pathogens
How dangerous they are
Define Bacteria
Single celled microorganisms
Define Viruses
Smallest microorganism known to cause infectious diseases *can only be seen on an elctron microscope
Define Fungi
yeasts and molds
Define Rickettsia
Its like bacteria but it needs a living species to live.
Define Protozoans
Single celled animals classified according on their ablitiy to move
Define Mycoplasmas
Lack of a cell wall come in various shapes
Define Helminthes
Infectious worms
Define Prions
Protein containing no nucleic acid
What os Antibiotic Drug Resistance?
When germs develop the ablity to defeat the drugs designed to kill them. like MRSA
What do microorganisms need to survive?
Warmth, Darkness,Moist,Oxygen, Nourishment
What is a spore?
Tempararily inactive microbal life form that cant resist heat and destructive chemicals and they can survive without moisture
What are the biological defense mechanisms?
Mechanical
Chemical
What does the two biological defense mechanisms mean?
Mechanical/ Physical barriers that prevent microorganisms from entering the body
Chemical/ Destroy or ancapacitate microorganisms through natural biologic substances
What are the links in the Chain of infection?
I Really Enjoyed Making Pancakes Sunday
Infectious Angent Resivour Portal of Exit Means of Transmission Portal of Entry Suscetibule Host
What causes opportunistic infections?
Infectious disorder amoung people with comprimised health
What are the methods of transmission?
Conact - Direct- Indirect Droplet Airborne Vechile Vector
What are Elizabeth Kulbers-Ross Stages of Dying?
Defineitley Aging By Day Alright
Denial Anger Barganing Depression Acceptance
What does “ dying with dignnity mean?”
Nurse cares for the dying with respct no matter what their emotional physical congitive state is
Diffrent places for the dying patient might take place at…
Homecare
Reciptive care- care for caregiver
Hospice Care
Residential Care
Define Hospice
To Indicate Both Facility for providing the term of termanially ill patients and the concept of suck care its self
How will the nurse meet the needs of a dying patient?
Hydration Nourishment Elimination Hygiene Postioning Comfort
What is “waiting for permission phenomenon?”
When the termanially ill fore stall dying..
They feel their loved ones are not yet prepared to deal with ther death
What is multiple organ failure?
It is a condition where two or more organ systems Gradually sease function
Who notifies the family?
Nurse; if death is approaching
Dr: if death has already hsppened
Who confirms death?
Physcian
Physcian Asst.
Med Examiner
Corner
What is a Death Certificate?
A legal document attesting that the person named on the form has been found dead.
When autopsy done?
After death to determine more about the cause of death
What is a corner?
A public Offical who does not necessarily have a medical background.
what is the nurses role in postpartum care?
Remove any tubbing (unless oing to autopsy)
place washcloth under chin to keep mouth closed
Close Eyes
report any findings
DOCUMENT
What is the Nursing Process Steps?
Assessment Diagnosis Planning Implementation Evaluation
Define nutrition
Process by which the body uses food
What postion do you but females in to provide perinal care?
Dorsal Recumbent Postion
Define Malnutrition
A condition resulting from lack of proper nutrients in a diet
Basic nutritional needs of the elderly
Meats, Fruits, Vegtables, Soy based proteins, Dairy, whole grains
‘what does protein do for the body
builds, repair, and maintain tissue
What does the body need carbohydrates for?
To give us energy
What are some sources of carbohydrates?
Grains, Rice, Veggies,
What is cholesterol?
Lipoprotein that are transported
Which fat is the healthiest?
unsaturated fats
What is a trans fat
Unsaturated, hydrated fats
What should cholestrol levels be?
less than 200
Dietary Minerals
Sodium, potassium
Water soulable Vitamins
b complex and C
Fat souluble Vitamins
A,D,E,K
What should your plate look like for a meal?
fruit
grains
veggies
protein
What influences eating habbits
Childhood
time
budget
culture
what is a vegetarian
People who restrick their animal consumption
what is a vegan
people who relay souly on plants for a source of protein
HDL
Good cholestrol
greater than 60
LDL
Bad cholestrol
less than an 100
What is included in a nutritional assessment?
Diet history, Antropmetic Data, Body mass index, Midarm circumfrence, tricep skin fold measures
Subjective data
Objective Data
Obesity
Is a condition in BMI’s= or exceeds 30
Emaciation
excessive leanness
Anorexia
loss of appetite
Nausea
Gastro sensationally, usaually proceeds vomiting
Vomiting
Loss of stomach contect through the mouth
emesis
substance that is vomited
Regurgitation
Bringing stomach content to mouth but not vomiting
Projectile Vommiting
vommiting that occurs with great force
Eructation
Belching (BURP)
Flatus
gas formed and realeased from rectum (FART)
xerostomia
dry mouth
Common Hospital Diets
reg or general Light soft mechaical soft full liquid clear liquid special therapeutic
Diffuculty Swallowing is called
dysphagia
Feeding the visually impaired
place thick towel on chest andlap
use dishes with rims that prevent spills
special cultary
Feeding patient with dementia
Be conistant
Reduce or eliminate distractions
promote concentration
Remove wrappers etc
What area does sleep play a role in?
Reducing Fatigue Stabalizing Mood Improve blood flow to the brain Increase protein synethesis Maintaing diease fighting mechanisms promoting celluar growth improving the capacity for learning and memory storage
How much sleep does an adult need?
7-9 hours
How much sleep does the elderly need?
7-8 Hours
What is Circadian Rhythm?
Phenomena that cycle on a 24 hour basis
What is the function of sleep?
Sleep Arauses unconciousness
Insomnia
Diffuculty falling asleep
Hypersomnia
Feeling sleepy despite getting normal sleep.
Sleep apnea
Stop breathing in sleep or breathing slows for 10 secs or longer 5 or more times per hour
Narcolepsy
Sudden onset of daytime sleep
Shift work
Those who workevening/night shifts who switch from one shift to another (unsync sleep cycle)
Jet Travel
Causes a sudden change in the current established # of daylight hours
Seasonal Affective Disorder
Depression, Lack of energy, craving sweets
Parasomnias
Condition associated with activities that cause arisals during NREM sleep
Somnambulism
Sleep Walking
Nocturnal Enuresis
Bed wetting
Bruxism
Grinding of teeth
Restless leg syndrome
Moving in legs
Nursing Diagnosis for Patients w/ sleep disorders?
Sleep paralysis Cataplexy Hypogogic Hallucinations Automanic behavior Sleep apnea Fatigue Insomnia
Saftey hazards in infants/toddlers?
Choking
Suffocation
Safety hazards in school aged kids
Breaking bones Peerpressure Sprts Injuris Taking Risks
Safety hazards in adults
Drinking and Driving
No seatbelt
drugs
Safety hazards in elderly
Falls
Driving
Balance
Memory
What acronym should we rembember whan there is a fire
RACE
what does RACE stand for?
Rescue
Alarm
Confine
Extiguish
What is the poison controls phone #?
1-800-222-1222
What is physical Restraint?
Something that imoblizes arms,legs,body,or head
Restraint protocol
A plan of steps to follow when implementing an intervention. Identify and justify why restraint was used and make sure to try other interventions first
Restraint alternatives
Seat insertss
Support Pillows
Seat belts
harness w front realsing velcro
homadetilt wedges
Disuse Syndrome
Signs and symptoms that result from inactivity
Importance of good posture
Affects your apperance
Stamina and ability to use the muskoskelton system
efficently distributes gravity
Body mechanics
Efficient use of muskoskeltory system
how often do you need to change a patients position?
Every 2 hrs
Supine
Laying on bacl
Lateral
Laying on side
Prone
Laying on abdomen
Sims
Semi prone
Laying on left sde with right knee drawn towards ches
Fowlers
Semi sitting Position
Low Fowlers
head torso elevated to 30 degrees
Mid fowlers
45 degrees
high fowlers
60-90 degrees
What is a foot drop
a permanent dysfunction postition caused by shortening of the calf muscles and lengthening of opposing muscle
Trochanter Roll
Prevents legs from turning outward
Hand roll
Devices that preserves patients functional abilities to grasp and pick up objects
What are devices to prevent foot drop
foot board
splints
boots
what can be used to help transfer a patient
Side rails Mattress overlays lifts Special beds draw sheets
Active
patient does
passive
nurse does
Purposes of MEchanical Immobilixation
Realives pain/muscle spasms
Supports/allign skeletal injuries
Maintains a function postion until healed completely
restricts moving while injury heals
allows activity while ristricting movement of injured area
prevents further structure damage
Inflatible Splints
Mobilizing devices that become rigid when filled with air
Traction splints
Metal Devices that immobilizes/pulls on muscle
Immobilizers
Commercial Splints made from cloth foam
Molded Splints
Orthotic devices made of ridgid materials
Cervival collars
A foam Rigid splint placed around neck
