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Jazz Appreciation > Unit 1 - Understanding Jazz > Flashcards

Unit 1 - Understanding Jazz Flashcards

1
Q

accomplished through varying lengths of notes combined with space all in relation to a steady pulse; organizing time element of music

A

Rhythm

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2
Q

a unit that serves as a container holding a specific number of beats as defined by the meter; a collection of strong and weak beats

A

Measure ( or Bar )

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3
Q

an expression of the pace/speed at which the music moves; the speed at which music is played

A

Tempo

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4
Q

no regular tempo and moving slowly; songs without a sense of beat; irregular beat

A

Rubato

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5
Q

when performers drag behind the rhythm section’s steady pulse; “dragging”

A

Laying Back

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6
Q

a rhythmic phenomenon that occurs when one regularly occurring rhythm or major beat emphasis interacts with a rhythm that occurs on a weak, normally unemphasized, portion of a beat; the rhythm that is normally unemphasized becomes accented and creates this; emphasis off the beat

A

Syncopation ( or Tension )

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7
Q

a combination of two or more rhythms occurring simultaneously

A

Polyrhythm

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8
Q

a rhythmic phenomenon associated with jazz; three main elements: walking bassline, emphasis on the 2nd and 4th beat, and the fast notes have a rounded out feel

A

Swing

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9
Q

the result of an organization of notes that move by varying distances - by step and leap - either ascending or descending, to form a musical statement; the main star

A

Melody

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10
Q

a complete musical idea or statement; can refer to a melodic, harmonic, or rhythmic statement; a collection of notes with a clear beginning and ending

A

Phrase

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11
Q

defined by a central note, scale, or chord that provides a musical center of gravity; a central tone in which a song is based

A

Key

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12
Q

when a song changes key, transferring from one key to another

A

Modulate

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13
Q

harmony and melody work together to establish this; music centered around a particular tone

A

Tonality

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14
Q

music that comes from musicals, typical jazz piece that jazz musicians practice/perform

A

Jazz Standards

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15
Q

Not all jazz music is _____.

A

Swing

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16
Q

a direct result of West African influences on European derived music styles and popular American music; difficult to define as it has many influences and is ever-changing

A

Jazz

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17
Q

a racial mix resulting from a union between French, African-American, and sometimes Spanish

A

Creole

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18
Q

when a piece of music lacks a key center; lacking of any specific tonality

A

Atonal

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19
Q

based on alterations of a traditional scale; important to jazz; simple chords

A

Blues

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20
Q

the third, fifth, and seventh notes of a chord that are altered by lowering the pitch to create blues inflections; dissonant notes

A

Blue Notes

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21
Q

includes all 12 different pitches each seperated by half-steps therefore including all white and black keyboard notes; all half-steps

A

Chromatic Scale

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22
Q

two kinds; collection of whole steps and half-steps; major scale - happier sounding, minor scale: sad, angry, aggressive

A

Diatonic Scale

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23
Q

a collection of two or more notes played together; support; similar to chords

A

Harmony

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24
Q

three or more notes played together; similar to harmony

A

Chords

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25
Q

a succession of chords; collection of notes that move

A

Chord Progression ( or Progression )

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26
Q

defines the pace at which chords move from one to another in a progression; the speed at which harmonies go from one note to the other

A

Harmonic Rhythm

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27
Q

a three-note chord or sonority described as either major, minor, diminished, or augmented in quality

A

Triad

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28
Q

a chord consisting of four different pitches and arranged with a major or minor third between each

A

Seventh Chord

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29
Q

tones above the seventh; ninth, tenth, eleventh, thirteenth

A

Extension Tones

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30
Q

the home key; “home base”

A

Tonic

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31
Q

based on the notion that there are certain tendencies that lead one chord logically to another

A

Functional Harmony

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32
Q

the ways in which each tile or fiber interacts with one another; can be dense or sparse, busy or static, transparent or dark and rich; thickness or thiness of music

A

Texture

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33
Q

describes a single line unaccompanied melodic texture; no accompaniment/help; one melody

A

Monophonic

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34
Q

when only one melody line is predominently supported by chord accompaniment

A

Homophonic

35
Q

features two or more equally dominant and intertwined melodic lines creating another different texture; two melodies performed against each other

A

Polyphonic

36
Q

describes the overall architecture in music

A

Form

37
Q

used to define the architecture of the classic American popular song following a symmetrical ABA or AABA structure

A

Song Form

38
Q

“channel”; often referred to as the B section

A

Bridge

39
Q

blues music only 12 measures long; typical blues; statement, restatement, answer, chorus; full structure ( AABA is a chorus )

A

12-Bar Blues

40
Q

changing up a song in the middle of performance; rarely ever not practiced thoroughly beforehand

A

Improvisation

41
Q

found in medieval chants and Renaissance music; composers were expected to improvise; by the late 1800s, improve was diminishing as composers sought more control over their compositions

A

European Tradition

42
Q

particulary western; rhythmic, percussion, call and response

A

African Tradition

43
Q

when the strings are plucked

A

Pizzicato

44
Q

basically a single reed but folded

A

Double Reed

45
Q

a way of coloring the sound; changing pitch ( like shaking it ); air - louder, softer; pitch - pitch change

A

Vibratto

46
Q

changes the sound on a horn

A

Mute

47
Q

the way in which a note is attached or initiated by the performer; how it’s played or sung; length: short or long

A

Articulation

48
Q

describes how someone takes a melody and makes it their own

A

Phrasing

49
Q

notes that get special emphasis

A

Accents

50
Q

using objects and adding onto noises to create a different sound

A

Special Effects

51
Q

something that gets repeated

A

Unifying Elements

52
Q

nothing repeated; everything is a little different

A

Elements of Variety

53
Q

piece of cane fashioned in a certain way

A

Reed

54
Q

typical jazz set-up

A

Saxophones in the front followed by Trombones then Trumpets with the Rhythm section to the side

55
Q

where we take a melody from a different song and throw it into a improv

A

Quotation

56
Q

The Empress of the Blues

A

Bessie Smith

57
Q

4-7 people getting together to play music without rhersal

A

Jam Session

58
Q

when someone plays and another answers

A

Call and Response

59
Q

same as bar

A

Measure

60
Q

playing together; same rhythm or melody

A

Unison

61
Q

where sections of instruments drop out

A

Break

62
Q

when a player adds in a bunch during spaces

A

Fill

63
Q

art of playing chords underneath the general music

A

Comping

64
Q

playing underneath a solo

A

Background Figure

65
Q

emphasis on the off beats

A

Syncopation

66
Q

typically happens between the soloist and the drummer; four measures for one, four measures for another, and so on

A

Trading Fours

67
Q

collection of notes that have a complete idea

A

Phrase

68
Q

same as measure

A

Bar

69
Q

typically happens after all the solos are done; loud shout sounds

A

Shout Chorus

70
Q

Father of the Blues

A

WC Handy

71
Q

a signal over the music; hold out on the note

A

Fermata

72
Q

hitting the drum with a pedal

A

Kick

73
Q

type of music; usually just a piano

A

Ragtime

74
Q

has a beginning and end, pause then play; can stand alone

A

Movement

75
Q

a show off piece; usually has strings, woodwinds, percussion, orchestra; typically one soloist

A

Concerto

76
Q

in classical music; where everyone plays then soloist, etc.

A

Concerto Grosso

77
Q

can be a group of players ( musical ensemble ) or a large scale musical composition that’s multi-movement in nature

A

Symphony

78
Q

when you’re singing multiple notes on a syllabe or word

A

Melisma

79
Q

music during 450-1450; most music saved from this period is very religious as the Roman Catholic Church was a big part of most people’s lives ( basically ruled over them ); early chant music; monophonic ( Gregorian music ); one melody

A

Middle Ages

80
Q

music during 1450-1600; more strings; you know the type

A

Renaissance

81
Q

music during 1600-1750

A

Baroque

82
Q

music during 1750-1820s

A

Classical

83
Q

music during 1820-1900; more emotion

A

Romantic

84
Q

music after 1900

A

Twentieth Century

Jazz Appreciation (1 decks)

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