Unit 1 Topic 8 - Genome Structure

Question 1

State that the genome of an organism is it’s entire hereditary info encoded in DNA.

Question 2

State that the coding regions are genes that code for proteins

Question 3

Describe the non-coding regions of DNA - transcription regulators & the three types of non-translated RNA.

Answer 3

Non-coding regions:
- these are DNA sequences that do not code for protein.

Transcription regulators:
- RNA Polymerase requires transcription factors to start the process of transcription
- these factors are associated with a non-coding sequence of DNA called a transcription regulator which helps to activate RNA Polymerase.
- the regulator can control gene Expression by switching genes on and off.

Non-translated RNA:
These are types of RNA that are transcribed but will not be translated into protein:
tRNA = brings amino acids to the Ribosome
rRNA = forms the structure of a ribosome
RNA fragments = help with RNA splicing and “silencing” genes so they are not expressed.