Unit 1 Topic 3 - Cognitive Development Flashcards
Periods of rapid development occur during… (1.3.1.1)
Infancy and adolescence
Define neuroplasticity (1.3.1.2)
the ability to rewire the brain by finding new connections - proves that the brain can develop
Compare deprived and enriched environments (1.3.1.2)
Deprived - the absence (intentional or unintentional) of experience learning for cognitive development
Enriched - having an enhanced environment for cognitive development
Explain the effect of brain damage on neuroplasticity (1.3.1.2)
The neuroplasticity is unable to rewire and make new connections, hence, cognitive development is cannot occur normally.
The role of critical and sensitive periods on psychological development (1.3.1.3)
Critical - environmental factors that can shape a persons future development, must occur for normal development to proceed (otherwise death or disabilities occur)
Sensitive - optimal time for psychological development in some areas, slightly flexible, (i.e. learning)
Define attachment (1.3.1.4)
the emotional bond between an individual and attachment figure (i.e. parent)
Effects of attachment not occuring (1.3.1.4)
Privation - when a child never forms a close attachment to another person
Psychological Development - Attachment (1.3.1.4)
Konrad Lorenz (1937)
Aim: Determine behaviour of attachment
Method: Used ducks and gooses
Results: Human behaviour evolves over time
Psychological Development - Attachment (1.3.1.4)
Harry Harlow (1958)
Aim: Development of attachment + emotional development
Method: used monkies
Results: comfort creates attachment
Psychological Development - Attachment (1.3.1.4)
John Bowlby (1969)
Aim: Development of attachment
Method: Used children
Results: 3 phases based on age
Psychological Development - Attachment (1.3.1.4)
Mary Ainsworth (1978)
Aim:
Observe attachment security in children with the context of parents/caregivers
Method:
used infants in a sequence of events
mother, child and stranger are introduced, separated and reunited
Results:
identified the following stages of attachment
- secure
- insecure avoidant
- insecure ambivalent
List the 4 stages of cognitive development and the age range they occur (1.3.1.6)
Jean Piaget (1936)
1 - sensorimotor (birth to 2)
2 - preoperational (2 to 7)
3 - concrete operational (7 to 11)
4 - formal operational (11 to adulthood)
Analyse the cognitive development and cognitive limits that occurs during the sensorimotor stage (1.3.1.6)
Jean Piaget (1936)
COGNITIVE DEVELOPMENT:
- integrating senses with motor functions
- develops object permanence + other basic skills
COGNITIVE LIMITS:
- stranger danger - only care about family
- lack of object permanence
Analyse the cognitive development and cognitive limits that occurs during the preoperational stage (1.3.1.6)
Jean Piaget (1936)
COGNITIVE DEVELOPMENT:
- rapid increase of language ability
- engage in symbolic thought but dominated by perception
COGNITIVE LIMITS:
- cannot perform mental operations
- animism, egocentrism, centration, seriation, conservation, irreversibility
Analyse the cognitive development and cognitive limits that occurs during the concrete operational stage (1.3.1.6)
Jean Piaget (1936)
COGNITIVE DEVELOPMENT:
- can perform operations on objects that are present or easily imagined
COGNITIVE LIMITS:
- cannot handle abstractions
