Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Gross II > Unit 1 Thru P. 27 > Flashcards

Unit 1 Thru P. 27 Flashcards

1
Q

What cervical nerve is strictly a *motor nerve?

A

C1 (NO posterior root)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Which nerve accompanies the external jugular vein?

A

Great Auricular Nerve (C2, C3)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

The cervical plexus carries motor fibers to which muscles of the neck?

A

Infrahyoid (strap) muscles

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

The motor fibers supplying the Infrahyoid muscles originating from the Cervical Plexus arise from what?

A

Ansa Cervicalis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

The (superior/inferior) root of the Ansa Cervicalis descends from the Hypoglossal nerve to join the (superior/inferior) root.

A

Superior, inferior

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What does the thyrohyoid muscle receive its innervation exclusively from?

A

C1 (through the hypoglossal nerve)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What are the three subdivisions of the Supraclavicular nerve? (C3, C4)

A

Medial, Intermediate, Lateral

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What muscle receives it innervation solely from C1 fibers through the hypoglossal nerve?

A

Thyrohyoid

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What is the pathological contraction of the Sternocleidomastoid?

A

Torticollis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What type of Torticollis results from a fibrous tissue tumor which develops at or shortly before birth?

A

Congenital torticollis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What type of Torticollis results due to a birth injury

A

Muscular torticollis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What type of Torticollis occurs in adults and is due to abnormal toxicity?

A

Spasmodic Torticollis (responds well to chiropractic care)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

The external jugular vein drains the face and scalp and is formed immediately below the parotid gland. What are its tributaries? (6)

A 
Retromandibular v.
Posterior Auricular v.
Posterior external jugular v.
Anterior jugular v.
Transverse cervical v.
Suprascapular v.
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Opera singers and bagpipe players develop prominent external jugular veins over time due to increased intrathoracic pressure during their singing/playing. What are two other causes of a prominent external jugular vein?

A

Congestive heart failure

Superior vena cava obstruction

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

The apex of the anterior triangle lies inferiorly at the ______ ______.

A

Jugular notch

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Where does the stylohyoid ligament attach to?

A

Lesser horn of the Hyoid bone

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

What is the insertion of the sternothyroid muscle?

A

Oblique line on the lamina of the thyroid cartilage

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

What is the innervation of the thyrohyoid muscle?

A

C1 through the hypoglossal n.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

What are the boundaries of the superior thoracic aperture?

A

First thoracic vertebra (T1)
First ribs and their cartilages
Manubrium of sternum

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

The brachiocephalic trunk is found only on the (left/right) side of the body

A

Right

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

What two viscera pass through the superior thoracic aperture immediately posterior to the origin of the sternocleidomastoid?

A

Cervical pleura

Apex of the lung

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

What is another term for lung collapse?

A

Atelectasis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

What is important about the thymus regarding T-cells?

A

T-cells are produced by the thymus and mature throughout life. The thymus then involutes gradually after puberty, thus, reducing our overall immune function w/ age.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

What muscles lie anterior to the thymus and thyroid gland?

A

Sternohyoid

Sternothyroid

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

What level does the thyroid gland lie at and what two endocrine hormones does it produce?

A

C5-T1
Thyroxine
Calcitonin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

What are the three different anatomical variations that relate to the thyroid gland?

A

Pyramidal lobe (extends upward from isthmus)
Thyroid ima artery
Levator glandulae thyroidae muscle

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

What results due to a dietary deficiency of Iodine?

A

Endemic Goiter (Resembles HYPOthyroidism. Gland enlarges to increase output. Hormone is largely inactive)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

What abnormal enlargement of the thyroid gland is due to an autoimmune disease?

A

Exophthalmic Goiter (Resembles HYPERthyroidism. Thyroid stimulating immunoglobulins bind to receptor site, cause overactivity of the gland)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
29
Q

What endocrine glands are involved in calcium homeostasis?

A

Parathyroid glands (Usually four total. Essential to life)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
30
Q

What is the innervation of the parathyroid glands?

A

Inferior cervical sympathetic ganglia
OR
Middle cervical sympathetic ganglia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
31
Q

What three factors contribute to the difficulty of a Thyroid surgery?

A

Vascularity
Presence of parathyroid glands
Presence of recurrent laryngeal nerve

32
Q

The trachea (“wind pipe”) and the esophagus both begin at what cervical level?

A

CV 6

33
Q

The walls of the trachea are supported by a series of incomplete cartilaginous rings which are open _____. This gap is spanned by the ______ muscle.

A

Posteriorly

Trachealis (smooth m.)

34
Q

The esophagus is a muscular tube which connects the pharynx to the stomach. It lies _____ to the trachea.

A

Posterior

35
Q

In what feature of what bone does the internal carotid artery enter the skull to supply blood to the brain?

A

Carotid canal of the Temporal bone

36
Q

What is the main source of blood to to structures of the neck, face, and scalp?

A

External carotid artery

37
Q

What are the eight branches of the external carotid artery?

A 
Superior thyroid a.
Ascending pharyngeal a.
Lingual a.
Facial a.
Occipital a.
Posterior Auricular a.
Superficial temporal a. (Feel pulse)
Maxillary a.
38
Q

What are the terminal branches of the external carotid artery?

A

Maxillary a.

Superficial temporal a.

39
Q

What is usually the largest vein of the neck that begins at the jugular foramen as the direct continuation of the Sigmoid sinus? (Drains into brachiocephalic vein)

A

Internal jugular vein (never visible topographically, below SCM)

40
Q

Unilateral damage of the recurrent laryngeal nerve causes respiratory distress and hoarseness. What is this called?

A

Partial aphonia

41
Q

Bilateral damage of the recurrent laryngeal nerve may result in what?

A

Aphonia (may lead to suffocation)

42
Q

What is the longest cranial nerve?

A

CN X Vagus

43
Q

What are the two ganglia arising form the Vagus nerve?

A

Superior (Jugular) Ganglion

Inferior (Nodose) Ganglion

44
Q

The pharyngeal plexus is motor to all muscles of the pharynx except the ______ and to all muscles of the soft palate except for the ______ _____ ______.

A

Stylopharyngeus (CN IX Glossopharyngeal n.)

Tensor Veli Pallatini (CN V Trigeminal n.)

45
Q

Both parts of CN XI Accessory n. exit through which opening?

A

Jugular foramen

46
Q

CN IX, X, XI all exit through which opening in the skull?

A

Jugular foramen

47
Q

CN XII Hypoglossal is the motor nerve to the tongue. It originates from the M.O. and exits the skull via which opening?

A

Hypoglossal canal

48
Q

What innervates the dura mater?

A

C1 Meningeal branches of CN XII Hypoglossal

49
Q

What is important about the C1 motor fibers of the Hypoglossal n.?

A

Motor supply to the Thyrohyoid and Geniohyoid muscles

50
Q

What originates from T1 to T3 that travel UP the trunk to supply structures of the head and neck?

A

Preganglionic Sympathetic fibers

51
Q

What cervical level(s) does the superior cervical ganglion lie at?

A

C1-C3

52
Q

What branch of the superior cervical ganglion accompanies the internal carotid artery into the skull?

A

Internal Carotid n.

53
Q

What level(s) does the middle cervical ganglion lie at?

A

C6

54
Q

What level(s) does the vertebral ganglion lie at?

A

C7

55
Q

What level(s) does the cervicothoracic (stellate) ganglion lie at?

A

C7-T1

56
Q

What nerve bundle connects the vertebral ganglion to the cervicothoracic ganglion?

A

Ansa Subclavia (loops anterior to the subclavian artery

57
Q

What are the branches of the superior cervical ganglion?

A

Internal carotid n.
Superior cervical cardiac n.
Branches to the Pharyngeal Plexus

58
Q

What is the branch of the middle cervical ganglion?

A

Middle cervical cardiac nerve

59
Q

what is the branch of the Cervicothooracic (stellate) ganglion?

A

Inferior cervical cardiac nerve

60
Q

What articulates with the temporal bone to form the temporomandibular joint? (TMJ)

A

Condylar process

61
Q

What serves as the area of attachment for the muscles of mastication?

A

Coronoid process

62
Q

What is the origin of the genioglossus muscle?

A

Superior Mental (Genial) Spine

63
Q

What is the origin of the geniohyoid muscle?

A

Inferior Mental (Genial) Spine

64
Q

The TMJ joint has an articular disk btwn the condylar process and the temporal bone. If this is misaligned, what can manifest?

A

Clicking when chewing

Major cause of headaches

65
Q

What is the innervation of the posterior belly of the digastric muscle vs the anterior belly?

A

Posterior: CN VII Facial
Anterior: CN V Trigeminal

66
Q

What muscle elevates the hyoid bone and depresses the mandible when the hyoid is fixed?

A

Digastric muscle

67
Q

What muscle elevates the hyoid bone and the floor of the mouth?

A

Mylohyoid muscle (CN V: nerve to mylohyoid)

68
Q

What muscle elevates the hyoid bone and tongue?

A

Geniohyoid muscle (C1 fibers through hypoglossal)

69
Q

What muscle draws the tongue forward and protrudes the tip of tongue?

A

Genioglossus (CN XII Hypoglossal)

70
Q

What muscle draws the tongue downward?

A

Hyoglosssus muscle (CN XII Hypoglossal)

71
Q

A small part of the hyoglossus may take origin from the lesser horn of the hyoid bone. What is this muscle slip called?

A

Chondroglossus

72
Q

What muscle draws the tongue upward and backward?

A

Styloglossus (CN XII Hypoglossal)

73
Q

What muscle elevates the hyoid bone and tongue?

A

Stylohyoid (CN VII Facial)

74
Q

What muscle is pierced by the intermediate tendon of Digastric muscle?

A

Stylohyoid muscle

75
Q

The Parotid, Sublingual and Submandibular glands are the three paired salivary glands. Which one is the largest? Smallest?

A

Submandibular gland

Sublingual

Gross II (1 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions