Unit 1 - The New Republic Flashcards
The New Republic
Bill of Rights
Washington’s Foreign Policy
Franco-American Alliance (1778)
- Bound U.S. to support French in the west indies
French Revolution (1789-1815)
- initial support (wanted to start republic since a republic. Supported revolution, longest ally)
- Mood changed because it became more violent (mob violence, mass executions)
- Louis XVI executed (1793) (questions relationship with France, now run by radicals)
France & GB at War (1793)
- U.S. stuck in the middle
- Both sides impressing American ships
- Citizen Genêt (French in America paying U.S. ships to attack GB under American flag. Problem can’t have Americans involved)
Washington Neutrality Proclamation (1793)
- flashcard
Jay Treaty (1794)
- Flashcard
Pinckeny’s Treaty (1795)
- In response to U.S. being denied access to Mississippi river by Spain
- Ensured access to Miss river
- New Orleans & Northwest of Florida to U.S.
- Opened U.S. expansion
Battle of Fallen Timbers (1794)
- U.S. defeats Miami Confederacy and leader Little Turtle
- Forced NA to sign Treaty of Greenville (1795) (flashcard)
Proclamation of Neutrality (1793)
- everyone wanted to go to war, but Washington knew country not strong enough to become involved (heavy debt, still healing from revolution, country might not survive)
- Establishes Isolationist tradition in American foreign policy
- Reinforces President as chief diplomat
- Jefferson resigned State Department
Judiciary Act of 1789
Whiskey Rebellion (1794)
- Hamilton made $0.07 tax on whiskey (1791) to help pay debt
- Hated by southerns
- Whiskey was made out of excess by western farms b/c it lasted longer
- People start going after tax collectors & making public demonstrations
- Pennsylvania farmers refuse to pay tax
- Washington & Hamilton lead 13,000 troops to restore order
- No fighting, all went home when troops arrived
- 20 arrested, all acquitted or pardoned
- First display of federal gov “ensuring domestic tranquitly”
- Democratic Republicans condemn as “brutal display of force” that were going beyond the powers of the Constitution
Jay Treaty (1795)
In response to foreign policy concern with Great Britain. They were seizing U.S. ships and impressing sailor to join GB navy.
GB will…
- remove forts
- new trade treaty (still had fur trade in northwest)
- pay for ships when America pays for Tory debt (still seize ships in certain waters)
GB will not…
- stop impressment
- recognize American neutrality
Kept U.S. out of war with GB, but makes Republicans mad and is largely unpopular.
Hamilton’s Financial Plan and 3 Reports
Federalists vs. Democratic Republicans
Alien and Sedition Acts (1798)
- Naturalization, Alien & Sedition Acts
- 4 separate acts
- Alien (Deport)
- Sedition (censorship)
- wanted to extend how long it took to make you a citizen (14 years now) (new citizens were voting in the Republic)
- Trying to piggy back of Americans dislike for French
- Also stop republican base
- went far over the reach of power
- Answer was Virginia & Kentucky Resolutions
- End popularity of party (Federalists)
- incredibility unpopular
- took away freedom of speech
- Mentioned as bad in Jefferson’s Inaugural Address
Virginia & Kentucky Resolutions
- Nullification of Alien & Sedition Acts
- States had the right to judge the constitutionality of federal laws
Hartford Convention
Election of 1800
- Washington chooses to only do 2 terms
- Burr vs. Jefferson
- Hamilton campaigns against Burr
- Tie, goes to House of Reps.
- Jefferson wins
- Leads to 12th amendment (vice is not runner up, but they run together)
- First peaceful transition of power from one group to another
Jefferson’s Political Agenda
Louisiana Purchase (1803)
Hamilton-Burr Rivalry
Lewis and Clark
- explore west with Sacagawea
- 1300 mile expedition to Pacific Ocean (1805)
- Instilled visions of continental U.S.
- Some people had already been out west (mountain men), but first to document & come back
Treaty of Greenville (1795)
Miami Confederacy defeated at the Battle of Fallen Timbers (Leader Little Turtle). Forced NA to sign treaty . Makes NA tribes move out of Ohio River Valley, creating the now states of Ohio and Illinois. Opened U.S. expansionism.
“Western war with Eastern labels”
The War of 1812
This means that the real causes of the war were to control western NA land & trade through New Orleans
Tecumseh and the Western Confederacy
Tenskwatawa
- Know as the Prophet
- Religious teachings to not become white (anti-alcohol, manufactured goods..)
Tecumseh
- Brother
- More militant
- Activity trying to reverse white settlement
- Attacking white settlements & united tribes in the Ohio valley
Battle of Tippecanoe
Tecumseh attacking white settlements & uniting tribes in the Ohio valley
- Willian Henry Harrison (Future Prez.) wanted to prevent this and attacked main NA rally point, Tippecanoe
- Destroyed native settlement
- British supported Tecumseh
- 7 years war & revolution against NA, who lost bad
“Virginia Dynasty”
War Hawks
War of 1812
- First war America declared
Cause GB impressment - many sailors were actually British
- Citizenship was still fluid at the time
- Many papers were forged (British sailors didn’t want to fight in the war)
- Were stopping a lot of shipping
- Annoying French loving Republicans
- Also a lot of conspiracy theories
Smallest margin war was declared - Northern states who trade didn’t want war
- Southern & Western states agrarian, wanted expansion & war
- British passed Orders in Counsel (required U.S. ships to dock in GB & pay tax before moving on)
- OC not cause of the war because had been there for 5 years and ended before war start (U.S. didn’t know it ended before war start because of ocean)
Cause Canada (U.S. wanted Canada) - U.S. under funded & manned than GB
- GB fighting Napoleon until 1814, so didn’t do great in the beginning (Defeating Napoleon ended impressment b/c didn’t need as many sailors anymore)
- U.S. thought Canadians would join them (they didn’t)
- Bad planning U.S. went to Detroit instead of Montreal since they would have to march through anti-war Federalist NY
- British got to D.C. and burned the white house
Battle of New Orleans (Andrew Jackson) - flashcard
Battle of New Orleans (Jan. 1815)
- Leader Andrew Jackson
- Lost only 71 men, killed 2,036
- Took place 2 weeks after peace treaty signed
- Made Jackson war hero & popular
