Unit 1: The Lithosphere

Question 1

how are the three types of rocks formed

Answer 1

• Igneous: solidify and crystallize from a molten state
• sedimentary: formed by movement, deposition and lithification
• metamorphic: existing rock transformed by great pressure and temperature

Question 2

name three types of igneous, sedimentary and metamorphic rocks

Answer 2

• igneous: basalt, rhyolite, granite
• sedimentary: limestone, shale and sandstone
• metamorphic: gneiss, marble and quartzite

Question 3

what’s the difference between intrusive and extrusive igneous rock

Answer 3

• intrusive: plutonic, cools slowly, large crystals, within the crust of the planet
• extrusive: volcanic, cool fast, small crystals, cools at the surface

Question 4

what is the organic rock common in alberta

Answer 4

• coal
• it is formed in in warmer climates where there is lots of life that eventually dies (common in swamps) and is compressed and and heated the plants and organisms turned into coal after millions of years

Question 5

how was the NA craton formed

Answer 5

• formed 2-3 billion years ago was formed through plate tectonics, erosion and glaciation, starting in pangea (the ancient super continent), when it was all pulled apart

Question 6

what is accretionary terrane

Answer 6

• are blocks or continent collide and become attached fusing together making all kinds of landforms like the appalachian mountains in eastern canada

Question 7

explain why oceanic under continental crust in a subduction zone

Answer 7

• continental crust is less dense even though it is thicker and the oceanic crust subducts under it
• creates things like earthquakes, volcanoes, tsunamis, and mountain building

Question 8

mark on a map where the major mountain regions of canada is

Answer 8

• innuitian mountains (north half of the island in nunavut)
• canadian cordillera (rockies in alberta and yukon)
• appalachain mountains (NB and nova scotia)

Question 9

mark the canadian shield on a map

Answer 9

• around the hudson bay and all of quebec

Question 10

mark the major lowland regions of canada

Answer 10

• st lawrence lowlands (southern point of ON and tiny bottom of QB)
• hudson bay lowlands (north ON and north MB and around the hudson’s bay)

Question 11

what are the geologic regions of canada

Answer 11

• plains and lowlands
• canadian shield
• coastal shelves
• mountain regions

Question 12

where are the main region of rocks of the mesozoic age

Answer 12

• western part of the country (around the rockies) and up into yukon

Question 13

what geologcial region is most likely to have metamorphic but no sedimentary rocks

Answer 13

• around the canadian sheild and no in the lowlands and most of the body of nunavut and the eastern slice of QB

Question 14

where is most likely to have both metamorphic and sedimentary rocks

Answer 14

• the lowlands that overlay the canadian shield

Question 15

with the picture of the over laying rocks from west to east, what are they called and when are they from (5)

Answer 15

• pacific/oceanic crust: cenozoic
• cordillera/rockies: mesozoic
• plains: mesozoic
• canadian shield (craton): precambiran
• appalachians: paleozoic

Question 16

the interior plains are composed primarily of what type of rock?

Answer 16

• folded and faulted sedimentary rocks
• formed on a wedge of outwardly thickening generally flat lying sedimentary rock

Question 17

what is the age of the canadian shield rock under ottawa

Answer 17

precambrian (2.5 billion years old)

Question 18

how was the canadian shield created

Answer 18

• violent collision and welding together of several ancient micro-continents
• extensive volcanic activity and deformation of the wedges of sedimentary rock deposited on ancient shelves