Unit 1: The Life span Perspective Flashcards
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focuses on how people grow and change
over the course of a lifetime.
Developmental Psychology
scientific study of how people change and stay the same over time.
Human development
the number or amount of something
quantitative change
the increase in physical size of a whole
Growth
the kind, structure or organization which is marked by emergence of a
new phenomenon that could not have been predicted from earlier
functioning.
. qualitative change
the pattern of movement or change that begins at conception and continues
through the human life span
Development
- In the life-span perspective, early adulthood is not the endpoint of
development; rather, no age period dominates development.
Development Is Lifelong
- No matter what your age might be, your body, mind, emotions, and
relationships are changing and affecting each other.
Development Is Multidimensional
- Throughout life, some dimensions or components of a dimension expand
and others shrink. - For example, when
Development Is Multidirectional
- Plasticity means the capacity for change.
Development Is Plastic
- Psychologists, sociologists, anthropologists, neuroscientists, and medical
researchers all share an interest in unlocking the mysteries of development
through the life span.
Developmental Science Is Multidisciplinary
- All development occurs within a context, or setting.
Development Is Contextual
- These influences include biological processes such as puberty and
menopause.
Normative age-graded influences
are common to people of a particular
generation because of historical circumstances
Normative history-graded influences
are unusual occurrences that have a major impact on
the lives of individual people.
Nonnormative life events
Clinical psychologists are among the health professionals who help people
improve their well-being.
Health and Well-Being
- Can two gay men raise a healthy family?
- Are children harmed if both parents work outside the home?
Parenting and Education
Health, parenting, and education— like development itself—are all shaped by
their sociocultural context
Sociocultural Contexts and Diversity
results from the interaction of people over many
Culture
- implies certain inequalities
Socioeconomic status
more central to our identity and social
relationships than
gender
almost overwhelming increase in the use of ———- at all
points in human development
technology
requires an important set of skills.
Observation
- Sometimes the best and quickest way to get information about people is
to ask them for it.
Survey and Interview
has uniform procedures for administration and
scoring
Standardized Test
is an in-depth look at a single individual.
Case Study
- Hormone levels are increasingly used in developmental research
Physiological Measures
physiological measure that has been used
for many decades to monitor overall electrical activity in the brain.
EEG
which aims to observe and record behavior.
Descriptive Research
the goal is to describe the strength of the
relationship between two or more events or characteristics.
correlational research
carefully regulated procedure in which one or more
factors believed to influence the behavior being studied are manipulated
while all other factors are held constant.
experimental research.
is a research strategy that simultaneously
compares individuals of different ages.
Cross-Sectional Approach
is a research strategy in which the same individuals
are studied over a period of time, usually several years or more.
- They are expensive and time-consuming.
longitudinal approach
is a group of people who are born at a similar point in history and
share similar experiences as a result,
Cohort Effects
- All participants must know what their research participation will involve
and what risks might develop.
Informed consent.
.
- Researchers are responsible for keeping all of the data they gather on
individuals completely confidential and, when possible, completely
anonymous.
Confidentiality.
- After the study has been completed, participants should be informed of
its purpose and the methods that were used.
Debriefing.
- In some circumstances, telling the participants beforehand what the
research study is about substantially alters the participants’ behavior and
invalidates the researcher’s data.
Deception.
produce changes in an individual’s physical nature.
Biological processes
refer to changes in the individual’s thought,
intelligence, and language.
Cognitive processes
involve changes in the individual’s
relationships with other people, changes in emotions, and changes in
personality.
Socioemotional processes
- which explores links between development, cognitive processes, and the
brain
developmental cognitive neuroscience
- which examines connections between socioemotional processes,
development, and the brain
developmental social neuroscience
- the time from conception to birth.
The prenatal period
- the developmental period from birth to 18 or 24 months. is a
time of extreme dependence upon adults.
Infancy
- the developmental period from 3 through 5 years of age.
- This period is sometimes called the “preschool years.”
Early childhood
- the developmental period from about 6 to 10 or 11 years of age,
approximately corresponding to the elementary school years.
Middle and late childhood
- the developmental period of transition from childhood to early
adulthood, entered at approximately 10 to 12 years of age and ending at
18 to 21 years of age.
Adolescence
- the developmental period that begins in the early twenties and lasts
through the thirties. a time of establishing personal and economic
independence, advancing in a career, and for many, selecting a mate,
learning to live with that person in an intimate way, starting a family, and
rearing children.
Early adulthood
- the developmental period from approximately 40 to about 60 years of
age.
Middle adulthood
- the developmental period that begins during the sixties or seventies and
lasts until death.
Late adulthood
Childhood and adolescence
First age
Prime adulthood, ages 20 through 59
Second age
Approximately 60 to 79 years of age
Third age
Approximately 80 years and older
Fourth age
was a German psychologist whose broad scientific agenda was devoted to establishing and promoting the life-span orientation of human development. He was also a theorist in the field of the psychology of aging.
Paul B. Baltes
is a process that prepares your child for independence. As your child grows and develops, there are many things you can do to help your child
Parenting
is the act or process of imparting or acquiring general knowledge, developing the powers of reasoning and judgment, and generally of preparing oneself or others intellectually for mature life. the act or process of imparting or acquiring particular knowledge or skills, as for a profession.
Education
may be defined as any deliberate effort to help parents be more effective in caring for children.
Parenting education
also known as conception, is the process by which sperm and ovum (sex cells) combine to create a single cell called zygote
Fertilization
high frequency sound waves are directed into pregnant woman’s abdomen
Ultrasound Sonography
uses powerful magnet and radio images to generate detailed images of the body’s organs and structures.
Fetal MRI
small sample of placenta is removed
Chorionic Villus Sampling
sample of amniotic fluid is withdrawn and tested for chromosomal and metabolic disorders.
Amniocentesis
identifies pregnancies that have an elevated risk for birth defects.
Maternal Blood Screening
period between conception and birth
Between 37-41 weeks
Gestation
dated from the first day of an expectant mother’s last menstrual cycle.
Gestational Age
development proceeds from head to the lowwer extremities
Cephalocaudal principle
development proceeds from the center to outer parts of the body.
Proximodistal principle
From fertilization to about 2 weeks of gestational age
zygote enters into cell division (mitosis) while making its way to fallopian tube.
Germinal Stage
From 2 to 8 weeks (first 2 months)
Major body system (respiratory, digestive, and nervous system) develop known as Organogenesis
Embryonic Period
most vulnerable to destructive influences
Critical period
Spontaneous Abortion (Miscarriage) expulsion from the uterus of an embryo that is unable to survive outside the womb.
Spontaneous Abortion (Miscarriage)
miscarriage occured after 20 months gestation(5 months)
Stillbirth
From 8 weeks to birth
Appearance of the first bone cells
Final stage of gestation
grows rapidly to about 20x its previous length
finishing touces
Fetuses know when they approach the near end of pregnancy
Fetal Period
process of giving birth
Labor
series of uterine, cervical, and other changes which begins 2 weeks before the delivery
Parturition
false contractions
Braxton-Hicks Contractions
