Unit 1: The Human Body Flashcards
What is the anatomical neutral position?
- Standing upright
- Legs together knees straight
- Toes pointing forwards
- Arms by the sides
- Palms facing forwards
Atoms…
Combine to make molecules
Molecules…
Associate to form specific cells
Cells
Structural, functional, and biological units of all living beings
Tissue
Collection of similar cells
Organ
Tissue working together for a specific function
Organ system
Collection of organs working together for body functions
Organism
Living being with cellular structure and can independently do all physiologic functions necessary for life (i.e. homeostasis)
What three things make up the integumentary system?
Skin, nails, hair
Functions of the skeletal system
- Protects organs
- Offers support, protection, and flexibility to organisms
- Forms blood cells
- Stores calcium
Major functions of the muscular system
- Produce movement
- Heat production
- Maintain posture
Anatomical organization of the nervous system
CNS and PNS
Central nervous system (CNS)
Consist of the brain located within the skull and the spinal cord located within the vertebral foramen. It is the integration and command center of the body
Peripheral nervous system (PNS)
Consists of nerves (extensions of the CNS) that connect the CNS to all other locations in the body
Endocrine System
General functions of hormones
- Help regulate: extracellular fluid, metabolism, biological clock, contraction of cardiac and smooth muscle, glandular secretion, and some immune functions.
- Growth and development
- Reproduction
What three main parts make up the circulatory system?
Heart, blood, and blood vessels
Functions of the circulatory system
Delivers oxygen, nutrients, hormones, water, etc throughout the body and removing waste
Lymphatic system functions
- Transport clean fluids back to the blood
- Drains excess fluids from tissues
- Removes “debris” from cells of body
- Transports fats from digestive system
Functions of respiratory system
- Supply body with O2 for cellular respiration; dispose of CO2, a waste product of cellular respiration
- Also functions in olfaction and speech
What two parts make up the digestive system?
Digestive tract and digestive glands
What is the function of the digestive system?
Breakdown food into smaller molecules (nutrients) to be absorbed by the body. All undigested food is removed as solid waste.
Urinary system function
Produces, stores, and eliminates urine
What makes up the urinary/excretory system?
Two kidneys, two ureters, the bladder, the urethra, and two sphincter muscles
