UNIT 1 - THE GILDED AGE (1877-1900)

Question 1

• 1877
• RAILROAD INDUSTRY; WAGE CUTS
• PRESIDENT RUTHERFORD B. HAYES; DEPLOYED TROOPS

Answer 1

GREAT RAILROAD STRIKE OF 1877

Question 2

• PRESIDENT OF PA RAILROAD
• FORCEFUL RESPONSE TO SUPPRESS PROTESTS
• TIES W/ GOVERNMENT & INFLUENCE TO POLITICAL CIRCLES

Answer 2

THOMAS ANDREW SCOTT

Question 3

-IMPROVED INDUSTRIAL EFFICIENCY VIA SCIENTIFIC METHOD
-(CONFLICT) INTENSIFIES WORK W/O IMPROVED WAGES AND WORK CONDITIONS

Answer 3

TAYLORISM

Question 4

DEVELOPED PRINCIPLES OF SCIENTIFIC METHOD

Answer 4

FREDERICK WINSLOW TAYLOR

Question 5

-EFFICIENCY OF HARVESTING CROPS
- IMPACT ON FOOD PRODUCTION
-PATENED IN 1834 BY CYRUS MCCORMICK

Answer 5

MCCORMICK’S MECHANICAL REAPER

Question 6

-RAPID INDUSTRIALIZATION
-RISE OF CORPS
-WEALTH INEQUALITY
-URBANIZATION
-TECH ADVANCES

Answer 6

GILDED AGE

Question 7

-POLITICAL MACHINES IN URBAN AREAS W/ INFLUENCE
-BRIBERY, PATRONAGE, AND CORRUPT PRACTICES

Answer 7

POLITICAL CORRUPTION (GILDED AGE)

Question 8

CONSUMER DRIVEN SOCIETY

Answer 8

CULTURE CHANGE (GILDED AGE)

Question 9

-LAISSEZ-FAIRE
-TARIFFS, CURRENCY, AND ECONOMIC POLICIES

Answer 9

POLITICS (GILDED AGE)

Question 10

LEADING FIGURE; STEEL INDUSTRY

Answer 10

ANDREW CARNEGIE

Question 11

FOUNDER/STANDARD OIL COMPANY

Answer 11

JOHN D. ROCKEFELLER

Question 12

-BANKER/FINANCIER
-RAILROAD CONSOLIDATION
-U.S. STEEL FORMATION

Answer 12

J.P. MORGAN

Question 13

-RUTHLESS BUSINESS PRACTICES
-CREATED MONOLOPIES AND TRUSTS; CONTROLLED INDUSTRIES
-EXPLOITED WORKERS (LONG HOURS, LOW WAGES, POOR WORK CONDITIONS)
-CONTRIBUTED TO POLITICAL CAMPAIGNS
-CONTROVERSIAL FIGURES (MORGAN, ROCKEFELLER, CARNEGIE)

Answer 13

ROBBER BARON

Question 14

-EVOLUTION BY NATURAL SELECTION
-(1859) “ON THE ORIGIN OF SPECIES

Answer 14

CHARLES DARWIN

Question 15

-ENVIRONMENT SHAPING SPECIES
-THOSE ADAPTED TO ENVIRONMENT WILL SURVIVE AND PASS TRAITS

Answer 15

NATURAL SELECTION

Question 16

-SOCIETAL PROGRESS/SURVIVAL OF THE FITTEST
-JUSTIFY SOCIAL INEQUALITIES
-SUCCESS FROM NATURAL SELECTION
-UNDERMINED TRADITION

Answer 16

DARWINISM

Question 17

ADVOCATE OF SOCIAL DARWINISM

Answer 17

HERBERT SPENCER

Question 18

-SOCIETAL PROGRESS/SURVIVAL OF THE FITTEST
-LAISSEZ-FAIRE; MIN. GOVERNMENT INTERVENTION
-BE FREE/PURSUE OWN INTERESTS
-SUCCESS/FAILURE DETERMINED BY ABILITES & EFFORTS
-INTERFERENCE W/ NATURAL ORDER PERPETUATED WEAKNESS
-HELPING POOR HINDERS SOCIETAL PROGRESS

Answer 18

SOCIAL DARWINISM

Question 19

-OPPOSED TO SLAVERY EXPANSION
-SLAVERY MORALLY WRONG; INCOMPATIBLE W/ PRINCIPLES OF FREE DEMOCRACY

Answer 19

“FREE LABOR” REPUBLICANS

Question 20

-EVENT/AA EVENT
-LEGISLATION PROVIDED LAND TO SETTLERS FOR A FEE IF THEY IMPROVE LAND BY BUILDING A DWELLING AND CULTIVATING CROPS
-REPUBLICAN SUPPORTED RIGHTS OF WORKERS/PROMOTED FREE ENTERPRISE
-CARNEGIE STEEL COMPANY

Answer 20

HOMESTEAD ACT OF 1862

Question 21

1863
ISSUED EMANCIPATION PROCLOMATION

Answer 21

PRES. ABRAHAM LINCOLN

Question 22

-UNION 1869/URIAH STEPHENS
-TERENCE POWDERLY; PROMINENT LEADER
INCLUSIVE
-UNITE ALL WORKERS; SKILL LEVEL, GENDER, RACE, ETHNICITY
-8 HOUR WORKDAY

Answer 22

KNIGHTS OF LABOR

Question 23

-MAY 4, 1886; CHICAGO
-STRIKE FOR 8-HR WORKDAY
-MCCORMICK HARVESTING MACHINE CO.
-KNIGHTS OF LABOR (UNION)

Answer 23

HAYMARKET RIOT

Question 24

-UNION
-ORGANIZING WORKERS
-SPECIFIC SKILLS & TRADES
-“PURE & SIMPLE UNIONISM” -SAMUEL GOMPERS

Answer 24

AMERICAN FEDERATION OF LABOR (AFL)

Question 25

-UNION
-1876
-SKILLED WORKERS; IRON & STEEL WORKERS

Answer 25

AMALGAMATED ASSOCIATION OF IRON & STEEL WORKERS IN HOMESTEAD, PA (AA)

Question 26

-CARNEGIE STEEL/MANAGER

Answer 26

HENRY CLAY FRICK

Question 27

-JULY 6, 1892
-HOMESTEAD STRIKE 1892
-VIOLENCE BETWEEN WORKERS AND PINKERTONS
-DEFEATED AA UNION

Answer 27

VIOLENCE & PINKERTON CLASH

Question 28

-UNION
-1893/EUGENE V. DEBS
-RAILWAY WORKERS; DESPITE SKILLS
-ALL INTO “ONE ORGANIZATION”

Answer 28

AMERICAN RAILWAY UNION (ARU)

Question 29

-1894
-PULLMAN PALACE CAR COMPANY
-WORKERS BOYCOTTED TROOPS ATTACKED & DEBS ARRESTED
-UNION (ARU)

Answer 29

PULLMAN STRIKE

Question 30

-FARMERS ISSUES
-CROP PRICE, TRANSPORTATION COSTS, DEBT
-INFLUENCEED BY GRANGE MOVEMENT
-POPULIST PARTY (POLITICAL PARTY)

Answer 30

FARMER’S ALLIANCE

Question 31

POPULIST PARTY/PRESIDENT ELECT 1892

Answer 31

JAMES B. WEAVER/POPULIST PARTY

Question 32

-KEY LEADER/POPULIST PARTY
-ADVOCATE FOR SMALL FARMERS
-CONTROVERSIAL/POPULIST WRITING

Answer 32

THOMAS E. WATSON/POPULIST PARTY

Question 33

-POPULIST
-LEADER/WRITER
-“POPULIST PLATFORM”

Answer 33

IGNATIUS L. DONNELLY/POPULIST PARTY

Question 34

-ASSOCIATED W/ DEMOCRATIC PARTY
-POPULIST IDEAS W/ MAINSTREAM POLITICS
-“CROSS OF GOLD” SPEECH (1896)

Answer 34

WILLIAM JENNINGS BRYAN/POPULIST PARTY

Question 35

-UNLIMITED MINTING OF SILVER COINS
-INCREASE MONEY SUPPLY
-ALLEVIATE FARMERS FINANCIAL DIFFICULTIES

Answer 35

FREE COINAGE OF SILVER

Question 36

-UNION
-1905/CHICAGO
-UNITE ALL WORKERS/DESPITE SKILL OR INDUSTRY
-“ONE BIG UNION”

Answer 36

INDUSTRIAL WORKERS OF WORLD (IWW)

Question 37

-POLITICAL PARTY
-1901
-ECONOMIC DISPARITIES & LABOR EXPLOITATION
-INDUSTRIALIZATION
-NEWSPAPER/PRESS

Answer 37

SOCIALIST PARTY OF AMERICA (SPA)

Question 38

-SHARED CONCERNS W/ SOCIALISTS
-CORPORATE POWER & ADVOCACY

Answer 38

POPULIST MOVEMENT