Unit 1: The Endocrine System

Question 1

Directly affect target cells
Immediate
Short-lived

Answer 1

Nervous System

Question 2

Not close direct contact target cells
Bloodstream
Seconds,hours,or days
Longer-lasting

Answer 2

Endocrine system

Question 3

Paracrine
Autocrine
Endocrine Glands

Answer 3

Three Chemical Signals

Question 4

Chemicals secreted by cells to extracellular space

Nearby but different types of cells

Answer 4

Paracrine

Question 5

Chemicals secreted by cells to interstitial fluid

Same cell or cell type

Answer 5

Autocrine

Question 6

Diverse group throughout body
Regulate other cell types
Produce and secrete hormones

Answer 6

Endocrine Glands

Question 7

Regulate other cell types by producing and secreting hormones

Answer 7

Endocrine Glands (organs)

Question 8

Anterior pituitary gland
Thyroid gland
Parathyroid gland
Adrenal cortices 
Endocrine pancreas
Thymus

Answer 8

Primary Organs

Question 9

Heart 
Kidneys
Small intestines
Testes 
Ovaries 
Hypothalamus(brain)
Pineal gland (brain)
Adrenal medulla (core adrenal gland)

Answer 9

Secondary organs

Question 10

Chemical messengers secreted endocrine glands regulate functions other cells

Answer 10

Hormones

Question 11

Cause widespread effects throughout body
Travel free inbound chemicals in blood or bound chemicals attached plasma protein carriers
Continue circulate bloodstream until taken up by target cell
Amount of a certain hormone in blood at given moment depends how fast and how much hormone is produced

Answer 11

Four Features Hormones

Question 12

Hormones able affect particular cells called target cells

Receptor Location largely depends on chemical structure of hormones itself

Answer 12

Interactions of Hormones

Question 13

Can not readily cross plasma membrane generally interact receptors found embedded target cells plasma membrane

     *loves water

Answer 13

Hydrophilic Hormones

Question 14

Able to cross through plasma membrane generally interact receptors found in cytosol or nucleus receptors

Answer 14

Hydrophobic Hormones

Question 15

Target cells produce and display a greater number of receptors in response temporary increase hormone level in blood

Answer 15

Up-regulation

Question 16

Target cells decrease number receptors displayed in response prolonged exposure high level hormone in blood

Answer 16

Down-regulation

Question 17

Amino-acid Hormones

Steroid hormones

Answer 17

Two types chemical hormones

Question 18

One or more amino acids
Hydrophilic
Bind to plasma membrane

Answer 18

Amino-acid Hormones

Question 19

Derived from cholesterol
Hydrophobic
Bind cytosol or nucleus

Answer 19

Steroid hormones

Question 20

Stimulating secretion from endocrine or exocrine cell
Activating or inhibiting enzymes
Stimulating/inhibiting mitosis/meiosis
Opening/closing ion channels cells plasma membrane potential
Activating or inhibiting transcription genes code for RNA/proteins

Answer 20

Effects Hormone Actions

Question 21

Hormonal
Humoral
Neural

Answer 21

Three Types Stimuli

Question 22

Some endocrine cells increase or decrease secretion response to secretion of other hormones

Answer 22

Hormonal Stimuli

Question 23

Many endocrine cells respond to concentration of certain ion or molecule in blood or extracellular fluid

Answer 23

Humoral Stimuli

Question 24

Some endocrine cells respond to signals from nervous system

Answer 24

Neural Stimuli

Question 25

Stimulus: regulates from normal range
Receptor: picks up stimulus
Control Center: increase or decreases secretion of a particular hormone
Effector/Response: regulates back to normal

Answer 25

Negative Feedback Loops In Hormone Production